Chapter 10 Vocabulary
lectīca, litter, sedan
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sedet, he/she/it sits
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Chapter 10 Derivatives
sedet, sedentary, sediment, siege, sedan, sedate, president
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TULLIA ET CLAUDIA
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will change throughout the year, but it will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Latin Text
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Tullia et fīliae, Cornēlia et Secunda, rūrī sunt. Claudia Rōmae est. Tullia Claudiam amat; itaque Tullia cum fīliābus Rōmam properat. Tullia in lectīcā sedet sed fīliae et servae, Rosa et Anna, ambulant. Ex vīllā in Viam Appiam Tullia et puellae properant. In Viā Appiā sunt nautae et agricolae. Nautae Rōmā ad ōram properant. Agricolae ā сasīs Rōmam properant. In viās Rōmae agricolae ūvās et olīvās portant. Tullia pulchrās ūvās videt et Annae pecūniam dat. Parvae puellae ūvās pulchrās, et corbulās plēnās rosārum rubrārum et albārum, ad Claudiam portant. Claudia domī est et proximae Claudiae sunt ancillae. Ancillae Claudiae labōrant. Saepe Claudia ancillīs fābulās nārrat. Tullia et filiae Claudiam salūtant. Rosa et Anna ancillās Claudiae salūtant. Puellae Claudiae rosās et ūvās dant. Noctū Tullia cum filiābus et servīs Rōmā domum properat. Tullia et fīliae, Cornēlia et Secunda, rūrī sunt. Claudia Rōmae est. Tullia Claudiam amat; itaque Tullia cum fīliābus Rōmam properat. Tullia in lectīcā sedet sed fīliae et servae, Rosa et Anna, ambulant. Ex vīllā in Viam Appiam Tullia et puellae properant. In Viā Appiā sunt nautae et agricolae. Nautae Rōmā ad ōram properant. Agricolae ā сasīs Rōmam properant. In viās Rōmae agricolae ūvās et olīvās portant. Tullia pulchrās ūvās videt et Annae pecūniam dat. Parvae puellae ūvās pulchrās, et corbulās plēnās rosārum rubrārum et albārum, ad Claudiam portant. Claudia domī est et proximae Claudiae sunt ancillae. Ancillae Claudiae labōrant. Saepe Claudia ancillīs fābulās nārrat. Tullia et filiae Claudiam salūtant. Rosa et Anna ancillās Claudiae salūtant. Puellae Claudiae rosās et ūvās dant. Noctū Tullia cum filiābus et servīs Rōmā domum properat. |
Translation Video |
TULLIA ET CLAUDIA: Discussion
- In the foregoing story can be found examples of all the cases of a Latin noun which we have studied. A noun is in different cases according to its use in a sentence. To decline a noun is to list its case forms in order singular and plural. The locative is usually not listed, because very few nouns have a locative form. The listing of the case forms is called declension.
- A set of inflectional forms arranged in the usual order is called a paradigm. A paradigm may be formed for any word that can be inflected. In speaking of a paradigm, it is often convenient to call the unchanging part, to which the endings are attached, the base. The base of a noun can always be ascertained by dropping the ending of the genitive singular; as puella, genitive puellae, base "puell-". The paradigm of puella is as follows:
- The base is often slightly different from the stem, which may be thought of as the form to which the inflectional endings were originally added, but which has sometimes undergone a change in the last syllable by weakening or by combination with the ending. Thus the "-ā" of "puellā", the stem of puella, is shortened or changed in several cases, so that it is often convenient to refer to the base "puell-"
- The word declension is also used of a group or class of nouns all of which are declined in approximately the same way. Nearly all the nouns studied so far belong to the first declension. There are five declensions altogether.
- The declension to which a noun belongs is indicated by the ending of the genitive singular, which, in the first declension, is "-ae." Hereafter, the nominative singular and the genitive singular of every noun will be given in the vocabularies. For nouns like Athenae, which is used only in the plural, the nominative and genitive plural will be given.
- There is another case in Latin, called the vocative. A noun is in this case when used to designate a person who is being directly addressed, as in the English sentence "Boys, come over here." The vocative is usually omitted in declining a noun, because it is always like the nominative, except in the singular of some nouns of the second declension.
- A noun in the vocative is often placed after the first word in the sentence, or in a later place, but never at the beginning; as,
- Suntne, Claudia, servae in silvā? Claudia are the slaves out in the woods?
- The following table will serve in a review of the uses of the five principal cases:
- Gender
- The gender of a noun in English is determined entirely by sex. If a noun refers to a man or boy it is of masculine gender. If it refers to a woman or girl it is of feminine gender. If it refers to neither male nor female it is of neuter gender. The word neuter means neither.
- The distinction by sex is not so marked in Latin. Nouns designating males are masculine; nouns designating females are feminine; but nouns designating objects that have no sex, or animals with no special reference to sex, may be masculine, feminine, or neuter.
- Nouns of the first declension are nearly all feminine. A few, such as poēta, agricola, nauta, designate males, and are therefore masculine. There are no neuters in the first declension. Nouns like sella, rosa, via, are all feminine because they are in the first declension.
TULLIA ET CLAUDIA: Responde Latine
1. Ubi sunt Tullia et fīliae?
2. Ubi est Claudia? 3. Quō Tullia properat? 4. Ubi sedet Tullia? 5. Quibuscum Tullia Rōmam properat? 6. Sedentne fīliae et servae? 7. Unde properant Tullia et fīliae? 8. Suntne naūtae et agricolae in Via Appiā? 9. Unde nautae properant? 10. Quō nautae properant? 11. Unde agricolae properant? |
12. Quō agricolae properant?
13. Quid portant agricolae? 14. Cui Tullia pecūniam dat? 15. Quid portant parvae puellae? 16. Ubi est Claudia? 17. Cui sunt ancillae proximae? 18. Cuius servae libenter labōrant? 19. Quibus Claudiā fābulās saepe nārrat? 20. Cuius ancillās salūtant Rosā et Annā? 21. Quid puellae Claudiae dant? 22. Quō Tullia et fīliae noctū properant? |
Grammar Notes
Declensions
Remember, in Latin (like English), there are thousands and thousands of nouns. It can feel overwhelming, for sure. But the good news is that all the thousands of nouns actually follow a set pattern of endings. These "groups" we've been seeing are not by accident-- they are actually how the language works.
We call these groups of nouns "Declensions". Remember, "Declension" is just a technical language term that means "group of nouns," so don't get too overwhelmed by the terminology! Did you notice that all the nouns we used in this chapter ended in either "-a" or "-ae"? That isn't by accident! All of those nouns are part of the same group, or Declension. Specifically we call them "1st Declension" nouns -- keep that in the back of your mind, as it will help us stay organized as we move through more grammar!
We call these groups of nouns "Declensions". Remember, "Declension" is just a technical language term that means "group of nouns," so don't get too overwhelmed by the terminology! Did you notice that all the nouns we used in this chapter ended in either "-a" or "-ae"? That isn't by accident! All of those nouns are part of the same group, or Declension. Specifically we call them "1st Declension" nouns -- keep that in the back of your mind, as it will help us stay organized as we move through more grammar!
Cases
As you've seen so far, Latin is all about endings! Nouns, Adjectives and Verbs all have different endings that tell us specific information about how the word is being used in a sentence -- is a noun singular or plural? is it the subject? which word is my verb? All of these questions are answered by looking at the endings.
In Latin, we have different endings for NOUNS when they are used as Subjects or for another reason (we'll explore more as we go!). This is called the "Case System" in Latin. We have specific terms for each use of a Noun.
In Latin, we have different endings for NOUNS when they are used as Subjects or for another reason (we'll explore more as we go!). This is called the "Case System" in Latin. We have specific terms for each use of a Noun.
Chapter 10 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1: Write in Latin
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Rome has many provinces in far distant lands.
2. Crete and Greece are not very near to Rome.
3. Greece is the native land of Claudia's maidservants.
4. The maids live in Rome but are always longing for (their) native land.
5. The life of the maidservants is happy because Claudia is a kind mistress.
6. Claudia is friendly to the maids; and so they love Claudia very greatly.
7. Claudia hurries into the street; she sits in (her) beautiful litter.
8. Later on Claudia goes into Tullia's villa with (her) maids.
9 Tullia seldom sees Claudia because Claudia lives in Rome and Tullia is in the country.
10. Finally Claudia calls (her) maids and the women hurry out of the villa.
2. Crete and Greece are not very near to Rome.
3. Greece is the native land of Claudia's maidservants.
4. The maids live in Rome but are always longing for (their) native land.
5. The life of the maidservants is happy because Claudia is a kind mistress.
6. Claudia is friendly to the maids; and so they love Claudia very greatly.
7. Claudia hurries into the street; she sits in (her) beautiful litter.
8. Later on Claudia goes into Tullia's villa with (her) maids.
9 Tullia seldom sees Claudia because Claudia lives in Rome and Tullia is in the country.
10. Finally Claudia calls (her) maids and the women hurry out of the villa.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 10 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 10 Noun Ending Chart Practice
Chapter 10 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 10 Noun Ending Chart Practice