Chapter 15 Vocabulary
circumstō, circumstāre, to surround, encircle
līber, līberā, līberum, free līberī, līberōrum, m. pl., children miser, misera, miserum, wretched, unhappy |
peristȳlum, peristȳlī, n., peristyle
rūsticus, rūstica, rūsticum, rustic, rural urbānus, urbāna, urbānum, pertaining to the city, urban |
Chapter 15 Derivatives
circumstāre: circumstance
līber: liberate, liberty, liberal miser: miser, misery, miserable, commiseration |
rūsticus: rustic
urbānus: urban, urbane, suburb |
DOMICILIUM URBĀNUM
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Rōmae Cornēlius magnum domicilium urbānum habet. Dominus, domina, fīliī, fīliae, servī, servae, in domiciliō magnō habitant. Cornēlius est dominus benignus; itaque servī Cornēlī dīligenter labōrant. Tullia est domina benigna; itaque servae Tulliae dīligenter labōrant. Magnum domicilium est dominō et dominae grātum. Rōmae sunt multa domicilia magna. Servī et servae in domiciliō Cornēlī libenter labōrant quod dominum et dominam amant. Sextus est servus. Sextus nōn est liber sed nōn est miser quod dominus est benignus. Sextus nōn est piger; itaque dominus Sextum saepe laudat. Cornēlius multōs et bonōs servōs habet. Servī bonī nōn sunt līberī sed nōn sunt miserī. Servī nōn sunt pigrī. Maria nōn est lībera quod est serva. Tullia est domina benigna; itaque Maria nōn est misera. Maria nōn est pigra. Tulliae servae sunt neque miserae neque pigrae. Servī et servae nōn sunt miserī quod dominus et domina sunt benignī. Servī et servae sunt laetī quod in domiciliō pulchrō habitant. Dominī fīliī et fīliae quoque sunt laetī. Līberī laetī domicilium pulchrum amant. In domiciliō peristylum pulchrum est. Altae columnae peristylum circumstant. In peristylō est hortus pulcher. Līberōs peristylum dēlectat quod est apertum. Domicilium pulchrum Cornēlium et Tulliam et līberōs dēlectat. Domicilia pulchra dominīs Rōmānīs semper sunt grāta. Multī incolae Ītaliae magna domicilia urbāna habent. Laeca domicilium pulchrum habet. Laeca est poēta clārus et multam pecūniam habet. Agricolae Rōmānī multam pecūniam nōn habent; itaque domicilia pulchra nōn habent. Multī agricolae viās urbānās timent; itaque in cāsīs rūsticīs habitant. Rōmae Cornēlius magnum domicilium urbānum habet. Dominus, domina, fīliī, fīliae, servī, servae, in domiciliō magnō habitant. Cornēlius est dominus benignus; itaque servī Cornēlī dīligenter labōrant. Tullia est domina benigna; itaque servae Tulliae dīligenter labōrant. Magnum domicilium est dominō et dominae grātum. Rōmae sunt multa domicilia magna. Servī et servae in domiciliō Cornēlī libenter labōrant quod dominum et dominam amant. Sextus est servus. Sextus nōn est liber sed nōn est miser quod dominus est benignus. Sextus nōn est piger; itaque dominus Sextum saepe laudat. Cornēlius multōs et bonōs servōs habet. Servī bonī nōn sunt līberī sed nōn sunt miserī. Servī nōn sunt pigrī. Maria nōn est lībera quod est serva. Tullia est domina benigna; itaque Maria nōn est misera. Maria nōn est pigra. Tulliae servae sunt neque miserae neque pigrae. Servī et servae nōn sunt miserī quod dominus et domina sunt benignī. Servī et servae sunt laetī quod in domiciliō pulchrō habitant. Dominī fīliī et fīliae quoque sunt laetī. Līberī laetī domicilium pulchrum amant. In domiciliō peristylum pulchrum est. Altae columnae peristylum circumstant. In peristylō est hortus pulcher. Līberōs peristylum dēlectat quod est apertum. Domicilium pulchrum Cornēlium et Tulliam et līberōs dēlectat. Domicilia pulchra dominīs Rōmānīs semper sunt grāta. Multī incolae Ītaliae magna domicilia urbāna habent. Laeca domicilium pulchrum habet. Laeca est poēta clārus et multam pecūniam habet. Agricolae Rōmānī multam pecūniam nōn habent; itaque domicilia pulchra nōn habent. Multī agricolae viās urbānās timent; itaque in cāsīs rūsticīs habitant. |
Translation Video |
Nötā bene:
- Līberi, meaning children, is the masculine plural of the adjective liber, lībera, līberum, and really means the free ones. It is used to designate the children of free parents. Hence, it cannot be used to mean slave children.
- Distinguish carefully between liberi, children, and librī, books
DOMICILIUM URBĀNUM: Responde Latine
1. Quid Cornēlius Rōmae habet?
2. Quālis dominus est Cornēlius? 3. Quālēs sunt servī? 4. Quālīs domina est Tullia? 5. Quālēs sunt servae Tulliae? 6. Quāle est domicilium? 7. Quālia domicilia Rōmae sunt? 8. Quis est Sextus? 9. Quālis servus est Sextus? 10. Cūr dominus Sextum laudat? 11. Num servī sunt miserī? 12. Suntne servī pigrī? |
13. Cūr est Maria nōn misera?
14 .Estne Maria pigra? 15. Quālēs sunt servae Tulliae? 16. Num miserī sunt servī et servae? 17. Quālēs sunt fīliī et fīliae? 18. Quāle est peristylum? 19. Quōs peristylum dēlectat? 20. Quāle domicilium Cornēlium dēlectat? 21. Quālia domicilia dominīs Rōmānīs sunt grāta? 22. Quī magna domicilia habent? 23. Quālis poēta est Laeca? 24. Quī viās urbānās timent? |
Notā bene:
Quāle, what kind of? (nominative and accusative singular neuter)
Quālia, what kind of? (nominative and accusative plural neuter)
Quāle, what kind of? (nominative and accusative singular neuter)
Quālia, what kind of? (nominative and accusative plural neuter)
DOMICILIUM URBĀNUM: Discussion
- State the case gender and number of the nouns in the following phrases: dominus benignus, domina benigna, servī bonī, servae bonae, magnum domicilium, magna domicilia, multī incolae. What is the ending of the adjective in each phrase when it modifies a masculine singular noun; a feminine singular noun; a neuter singular noun? What is the ending of the adjective when it modifies a masculine plural noun; a feminine plural noun; a neuter plural noun?
- Adjectives have three genders, for they must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns which they modify. Certain adjectives, when modifying masculine nouns, have masculine forms like those of the second declension masculines. When they modify feminine nouns, they have feminine forms like those of the first declension. When they modify neuter nouns, they have neuter forms like those of the second declension neuters. Such adjectives are called "adjectives of the first and second declension." Hereafter adjectives will be listed in the three genders; as, magnus, magna, magnum, or magnus, -a, -um
- Learn the following paradigm of an adjective of the first and second declension:
- In the second paragraph, observe the endings and bases of the adjectives meaning wretched and lazy.
- Some of the adjectives in "-er," belonging to the first and second declension, have a base with the "-e", some have a base without the "-e." The feminine form of the nominative singular shows whether the base has the "e" or not.
- Learn the following paradigms:
- In the sentence Servi et servae non sunt miseri quod dominus et domina sunt benigni how are the words servi and servae used? What is the gender of each word? What adjective describes servi and servae? What ending has it? What adjective describes dominus and domina? What ending has it? An adjective has a masculine ending if used to limit two nouns referring to persons of different genders.
- In the fourth paragraph, study the phrases multi incolae, poēta clārus, and agricolae Romāni. Why do the adjectives have masculine endings? Adjectives of the first and second declension have the endings of the second declension if they modify masculine or neuter nouns, and the endings of the first declension if they modify feminine nouns, whether the nouns modified have these endings or not.
Grammar Notes
1st/2nd Declension Adjectives
To start, let's take a step back and think about how we organized all our Latin words. You'll recall that we said Latin nouns come in three groups (which we call "Declensions"). Those Declensions use different endings, so it's really important to know which group a noun belongs to -- this way you know what endings it will use.
We do a similar process of organization with Latin adjectives. They are put into two groups (which we also call "Declensions"). The group we are looking at in this chapter are called "1st/2nd Declension Adjectives." Why do we call them this? It's actually pretty easy -- it's because they use the same endings as 1st and 2nd Declension Nouns! Take a look at the chart below and it will become more clear:
We do a similar process of organization with Latin adjectives. They are put into two groups (which we also call "Declensions"). The group we are looking at in this chapter are called "1st/2nd Declension Adjectives." Why do we call them this? It's actually pretty easy -- it's because they use the same endings as 1st and 2nd Declension Nouns! Take a look at the chart below and it will become more clear:
Do you notice how the Masculine form of the adjective is the same as a 2nd Declension Masculine noun? The Feminine form of the adjective is the same as a 1st Declension Feminine noun and the Neuter form of the adjective is the same as a 2nd Declension Neuter noun. This is why we call these adjectives "1st/2nd Declension"!
You can always spot a 1st/2nd Declension Adjective in the dictionary because it is listed with it's Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter Nominative Singular forms, which end are "-us, -a, -um." Here are a few examples:
You can always spot a 1st/2nd Declension Adjective in the dictionary because it is listed with it's Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter Nominative Singular forms, which end are "-us, -a, -um." Here are a few examples:
Rōmānus, -a, -um, Roman
perterritus, -a, -um, frightened plēnus, -a, -um, full praeclārus, -a, -um, distinguished, famous dēfessus, -a, -um, tired |
magnus, -a, -um, big
molestus, -a, -um, annoying bonus, -a, -um, good malus, -a, -um, bad Britannicus, -a, -um, British |
Noun-Adjective "Agreement"
So far, you've learned dozens of Latin adjectives! Happy, sad, annoying, big, small, loud -- these are all adjectives! But you also learned that Latin adjectives are different than English ones because they are spelled differently depending on the GENDER of the noun they describe. Here's an example:
Cornēlia est puella Rōmāna. (Cornelia is a Roman girl)
Sextus est puer Rōmānus. (Sextus is a Roman boy)
Sextus est puer Rōmānus. (Sextus is a Roman boy)
Do you see how the adjective "Roman" is spelled differently in each sentence? This is because 'Cornelia" is a feminine noun and "Sextus" is a masculine noun. Both "Rōmāna" and "Rōmānus" are translated as "Roman," but we spell them differently so that they match the noun they are describing. We call this "Noun-Adjective Agreement" since the adjective is said to "agree" with it's noun. There are three ways in which an adjective must "agree," or match, with the noun it's describing -- CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER. Here's a brief description of each below:
1) CASE -- Whatever case the noun is (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, or Vocative) the adjective will be in the same one
2) NUMBER -- Whatever number the noun is (Singular or Plural) the adjective will be the same
3) GENDER -- Whatever gender the noun is (Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter) the adjective will be the same
So let's look at some examples -- pay attention to how the adjective matches the noun in CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER!
1) CASE -- Whatever case the noun is (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, or Vocative) the adjective will be in the same one
2) NUMBER -- Whatever number the noun is (Singular or Plural) the adjective will be the same
3) GENDER -- Whatever gender the noun is (Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter) the adjective will be the same
So let's look at some examples -- pay attention to how the adjective matches the noun in CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER!
FEMININE Noun-Adjective
Cornēlia est puella Rōmāna. *"Girl" and "Roman" are both FEMININE, NOMINATIVE, and SINGULAR |
MASCULINE Noun-Adjective
Sextus et Marcus sunt puerī Rōmānī. *"Girl" and "Roman" are both MASCULINE, NOMINATIVE, and PLURAL |
NEUTER Noun-Adjective
Aedificium Rōmānum videō. *"Girl" and "Roman" are both NEUTER, ACCUSATIVE, and SINGULAR |
Chapter 15 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
The adjectives in earlier lessons were given without showing the forms for the three genders. These forms are given in the following list. Give the meaning of each adjective. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
The adjectives in earlier lessons were given without showing the forms for the three genders. These forms are given in the following list. Give the meaning of each adjective. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
adultus, -a, -um
albus, -a, -um altus, -a, -um Americānus, -a, -um amīcus, -a, -um amplus, -a, -um antīquus, -a, -um apertus, -a, -um armātus, -a, -um benignus, -a, -um bonus, -a, -um Britannus, -a, -um cārus, -a, -um clārus, -a, -um |
clausus, -a, -um
Cornēliānus, -a, -um dēfessus, -a, -um extrēmus, -a, -um firmus, -a, -um grātus, -a, -um īrātus, -a, -um Italicus, -a, -um laetus, -a, -um lātus, -a, -um longus, -a, -um magnus, -a, -um meus, -a, -um multus, -a, -um |
noster, -tra, -trum
novus, -a, -um parvus, -a, -um paucī, -ae, -a piger, -gra, -grum plēnus, -a, -um proximus, -a, -um pulcher, -chra, -chrum Romānus, -a, -um ruber, -bra, -brum sevērus, -a, -um tēctus, -a, -um tuus, -a, -um vester, -tra, -trum |
Grammar Exercise 2
Supply the proper case endings:
Supply the proper case endings:
1. via long___
2. ager lāt___ 3. poēta Romān___ 4. domicilium parv___ 5. fēmina pulchr___ 6. agricol___ līber 7. fīlius car___ 8. vāllum alt___ 9. serv___ miser 10. naut___ īrāt___ (nom sing) |
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Grammar Exercise 3
Give the Latin for the following phrases. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Give the Latin for the following phrases. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. lazy boy
2. long war
3. free man
4. famous poet
5. beautiful daughter
6. big book
2. long war
3. free man
4. famous poet
5. beautiful daughter
6. big book
Grammar Exercise 4
Supply the proper case endings. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Supply the proper case endings. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Laeca, poēta clar___, ad Cornēlī domicilium saepe ambulat.
2. Poēta fābulās grat___ nārrat. 3. Līberī laet___ poētam clar___ amant. 4. In peristýlo pulchr___ poēta cum līberīs bōn___ saepe sedet. 5. Fābulae dē terrīs extrem___ puerīs Rōman___ sunt grat___. 6. Fābulae dē deābus puellās parv___ dēlectant. 7. Lūdī līberōrum parv___ poētae clar___ sunt grat___. |
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Grammar Exercise 5
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Many Romans have beautiful city dwellings.
2. Our peristyle is long and wide.
3. Beautiful columns surround the open peristyle.
4. Marcus is at home today and is sitting in the peristyle with the little children.
5. He is telling the happy boys and girls stories about the Roman camp and the long war.
6. A rustic cottage is pleasing to the Roman farmer.
7. In the cottage of the happy farmer are a few menservants and maidservants.
8. The farmer is a good master; and so (his) slaves are not lazy.
9. We are not free but we are not unhappy.
10. The life of your slaves is unhappy because you are not a kind master.
2. Our peristyle is long and wide.
3. Beautiful columns surround the open peristyle.
4. Marcus is at home today and is sitting in the peristyle with the little children.
5. He is telling the happy boys and girls stories about the Roman camp and the long war.
6. A rustic cottage is pleasing to the Roman farmer.
7. In the cottage of the happy farmer are a few menservants and maidservants.
8. The farmer is a good master; and so (his) slaves are not lazy.
9. We are not free but we are not unhappy.
10. The life of your slaves is unhappy because you are not a kind master.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 15 1st/2nd Declension Adjective Practice
Chapter 15 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 15 Present Tense Verb Conjugation Practice
Chapter 15 Noun Ending Chart Practice
Chapter 15 1st/2nd Declension Adjective Practice
Chapter 15 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 15 Present Tense Verb Conjugation Practice
Chapter 15 Noun Ending Chart Practice