Chapter 22 Vocabulary
accipiō, accipere, to receive, accept
barbarus, -a, -um, uncivilized, barbarous barbarus, -ī, m., a barbarian capiō, capere, to take, seize committō, committere, to join, begin dēiciō, dēicere, to throw down, hurl down faciō, facere, to make, do, perform galea, -ae, f., helmet Gallus, -a, -um, Gallic Gallus, -ī, m., a Gaul |
Germānus, -a, -um, German, Germanic
Germānus, -ī, m., a German hīberna, -ōrum, n. pl., winter quarters iaciō, iacere, to throw, hurl, fling intercipiō, intercipere, to intercept pilum, -ī, n., javelin quotannīs, every year, yearly reiciō, reicere, to throw back, hurl back; to beat or force back, repulse proelium committere, to begin battle, join battle (an idiom) |
Chapter 22 Derivatives
barbarus: barbarity, barbarous, Barbara, barbarian
capere: captive, capture, captivity, captor, intercept, accept, concept, capacity, capable committere: commit, commission |
dēicere: deject, dejection
iacere: adjacent, eject, interject, inject, projectile, trajectory, project, reject, adjective intercipere: interceptor, intercept, interception |
LŪDUS PUERŌRUM
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Quotannīs Mārcus lēgātus ab hībernīs domum venit. Ad puerōs dōna ferē semper portat. Saepe dōna sunt arma lignea. In hībernīs armātī nōn pugnant et magnum est ōtium; itaque dōna parva libenter faciunt. Hodiē Mārcus puerīs dōna dat. "Ego galeam accipiō," Pūblius clāmat. "Quid tū accipis, Aule?" "Ego pilum et scūtum accipiō et Lūcius quoque pīlum et scūtum accipit," Aulus respondet. "Cūr pīla et scūta accipitis? Nōnne dēsīderātis galeās?" Pūblius rogat. "Pīla et scūta accipimus quod libenter pugnāmus. Parvī puerī, Pūblī, galeās accipiunt sed nōs pīla et scūta accipimus," Aulus respondet. Itaque ā Lūciō et ab Aulō pīla et scūta accipiuntur et ā Pūbliō galea accipitur. Nunc Lūcius et Aulus proelium committunt. Cornēlius et Mārcus in hortō sedent et lūdum spectant. Aulus in terrā stat; Lūcius in mūrō stat. Lūcius dē mūrō pilum in Aulum dēicit. Aulus pilum scūtō intercipit et rēicit. Tum pilum ab Aulō iacitur et ā Luciō intercipitur et rēicitur. Diū pīla ā puerīs iaciuntur, intercipiuntur, rēiciuntur. Tandem puerī dēfessī in subselliō sedent. "laciēbāsne, Mārce, pila in barbarōs?" rogat Aulus. "Multa pīla iaciēbam," Mārcus respondet. "In Germānōs et in Gallōs iaciēbantur. Pilum meum ā barbarō nōn semper intercipiēbātur et reiciēbātur. Saepe ā barbarō capiēbātur." "Mox," inquit Aulus, "pila in barbarōs iaciam. Nōnne tū quoque, Lūcī, pīla iaciēs?" "Pīla multa iaciēmus. Pīla barbarōrum saepe intercipiēmus. Fortasse pīla barbarōrum capiēmus," respondet Lūcius. "Mox," inquit Cornēlius, "meī fīliī erunt armātī. Tum multa pīla et in Germānōs et in Gallōs iacient. Quotannīs Mārcus lēgātus ab hībernīs domum venit. Ad puerōs dōna ferē semper portat. Saepe dōna sunt arma lignea. In hībernīs armātī nōn pugnant et magnum est ōtium; itaque dōna parva libenter faciunt. Hodiē Mārcus puerīs dōna dat. "Ego galeam accipiō," Pūblius clāmat. "Quid tū accipis, Aule?" "Ego pilum et scūtum accipiō et Lūcius quoque pīlum et scūtum accipit," Aulus respondet. "Cūr pīla et scūta accipitis? Nōnne dēsīderātis galeās?" Pūblius rogat. "Pīla et scūta accipimus quod libenter pugnāmus. Parvī puerī, Pūblī, galeās accipiunt sed nōs pīla et scūta accipimus," Aulus respondet. Itaque ā Lūciō et ab Aulō pīla et scūta accipiuntur et ā Pūbliō galea accipitur. Nunc Lūcius et Aulus proelium committunt. Cornēlius et Mārcus in hortō sedent et lūdum spectant. Aulus in terrā stat; Lūcius in mūrō stat. Lūcius dē mūrō pilum in Aulum dēicit. Aulus pilum scūtō intercipit et rēicit. Tum pilum ab Aulō iacitur et ā Luciō intercipitur et rēicitur. Diū pīla ā puerīs iaciuntur, intercipiuntur, rēiciuntur. Tandem puerī dēfessī in subselliō sedent. "laciēbāsne, Mārce, pila in barbarōs?" rogat Aulus. "Multa pīla iaciēbam," Mārcus respondet. "In Germānōs et in Gallōs iaciēbantur. Pilum meum ā barbarō nōn semper intercipiēbātur et reiciēbātur. Saepe ā barbarō capiēbātur." "Mox," inquit Aulus, "pila in barbarōs iaciam. Nōnne tū quoque, Lūcī, pīla iaciēs?" "Pīla multa iaciēmus. Pīla barbarōrum saepe intercipiēmus. Fortasse pīla barbarōrum capiēmus," respondet Lūcius. "Mox," inquit Cornēlius, "meī fīliī erunt armātī. Tum multa pīla et in Germānōs et in Gallōs iacient. |
Translation Video |
LŪDUS PUERŌRUM: Discussion
- In the second paragraph of the story, list the forms that make up the present tense active of the verb accipio. Do these forms resemble the forms of any of the conjugations previously studied? Which of these forms are like the corresponding forms of mitto? Which are different? Do these resemble the forms of any other conjugation? The present tense active and passive of accipio is conjugated like mitto except in the first person singular and the third person plural. In those persons the forms are like the corresponding forms of the fourth conjugation; as, accipio, accipior, accipiunt, accipiuntur. Verbs like accipio are called "-io" verbs of the third conjugation and are distinguished from verbs of the fourth conjugation by the present infinitive which ends in "-ere." They are listed in vocabularies just like other third conjugation verbs: accipio, accipere
- Forms of the imperfect tense of four other "-io" verbs of the third conjugation are found in the third paragraph. They are iacio, throw, rēicio, throw back, intercipio, intercept, capio, take. Is the imperfect tense of -io verbs like the imperfect tense of mitto, or of audio? The imperfect tense of -io verbs of the third conjugation is conjugated like verbs of the fourth conjugation: accipiebam, like audiēbam.
- Which conjugation do the forms of the future tense of the -io verbs found in the last paragraph resemble? The future tense of -io verbs of the third conjugation is conjugated like the future tense of verbs of the fourth conjugation: as, accipiam, like audiam
- Memorize thoroughly the following paradigms:
Grammar Notes
3rd-io Verbs (Present, Imperfect, Future Tense)
Conjugations
Remember, we have learned so far that there are 4 groups (called "conjugations") of verbs in Latin. There is a subset of the 3rd Conjugation, however. which we call "3rd-io" verbs. These verbs have Infinitives that end in "-ere", but their first principal part (the first part of the verb listed) ends in an "-iō" instead of "-ō". For example, "mittō, mittere" is just 3rd Conjugation, but "iaciō, iacere" is a 3rd-io verb, since the first part "iaciō" ends in an "-iō". These 3rd-io verbs have slightly different rules for spelling.
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"Conjugation" ReminderRemember, we can tell the "Conjugation" of a verb by how it's Infinitive is spelled! -āre = 1st Conjugation -ēre = 2nd Conjugation -ere = 3rd Conjugation -īre = 4th Conjugation |
3rd-io Verbs: Present Tense
Here is the process for conjugating 3rd-io verbs in the Present Tense:
- Bring down the first principal part as your first answer
- Go to the Infinitive and drop the "-re"
- Change the last vowel ("e") to an "i" for 2nd person singular/plural, 1st person plural, and 3rd person singular
- Change the last vowel from "i" to "iu" for the 3rd person plural
- Add your personal endings (-s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt)
- Example: "iaciō, iacere"
- iaciō, I throw
- iacis, you throw
- iacit, he/she/it throws
- iacimus, we throw
- iacitis, y'all throw
- iaciunt, they throw
3rd-io Verbs: Imperfect Tense
Here is the process for conjugating 3rd-io verbs in the Imperfect Tense:
- Go to the Infinitive and drop the "-re" to get the Present Stem
- Add either "i" or "e" to the stem to make sure there is an "ie" at the end of the stem
- Add the "-ba-" infix
- Add our personal verb endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt)
- Note that for 3rd-io verbs there will be an "e" on the end of the stem, so you just add an "i" in front of it
- Note that for 4th Conjugation verbs, there will be an "i' on the end of the stem, so you have to add an "e"
3rd-io Verbs: Future Tense
Here is the process for conjugating 3rd-io verbs in the Future Tense:
*Note that for 3rd-io/4th conjugation verbs, there will be an "-i-" in front of the "-a, -ē, -e, -ē, -ē, -e"
3. Add your personal endings: "-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt"
*Note that with 3rd/4th Conjugation verbs, you DO need to put the 1st person singular ending on your verb ("-m")
- Go to the Infinitive and drop the "-re" ending to get your Present Stem
- Change the vowel on the end of your stem to ("-a, -ē, -e, -ē, -ē, -e")
*Note that for 3rd-io/4th conjugation verbs, there will be an "-i-" in front of the "-a, -ē, -e, -ē, -ē, -e"
3. Add your personal endings: "-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt"
*Note that with 3rd/4th Conjugation verbs, you DO need to put the 1st person singular ending on your verb ("-m")
Chapter 22 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
I. Translate:
mittêtur, relinquunt, iaciunt, tenēminī, docētur, mūniēmur, cūstōdiētur, pugnās, cōgēbātis, pugnābimus, faciēbās, accipiēris II. Give the present, imperfect, and future in the active, and passive, of the following verbs in the person and number indicated: 1. servō, third singular 2. moneō, first singular 3. dūcō, second singular 4. iaciō, third plural 5. custōdiō, first plural 6. vincō, second plural |
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Grammar Exercise 2
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. The men were led into winter quarters every year.
2. They used to make many beautiful gifts there.
3. Gifts were often brought home by Marcus.
4. We shall receive helmets; you (pl.) will receive shields.
5. "I shall begin the battle; you will intercept my javelin and throw it back, Aulus."
6. Stories about the Gauls and Germans are pleasing to the boys.
7. "I was almost taken by the barbarians," says Marcus.
8. Weapons were thrown upon the Romans from the walls of the town
2. They used to make many beautiful gifts there.
3. Gifts were often brought home by Marcus.
4. We shall receive helmets; you (pl.) will receive shields.
5. "I shall begin the battle; you will intercept my javelin and throw it back, Aulus."
6. Stories about the Gauls and Germans are pleasing to the boys.
7. "I was almost taken by the barbarians," says Marcus.
8. Weapons were thrown upon the Romans from the walls of the town
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Imperfect Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Future Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Present, Imperfect and Future Tense)
Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Verb Conjugation Practice (All Conjugations; Active and Passive Voice; Present, Imperfect and Future Tense)
Noun Ending Chart So Far
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Imperfect Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Future Tense)
3rd-io Verb Conjugation (Present, Imperfect and Future Tense)
Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Verb Conjugation Practice (All Conjugations; Active and Passive Voice; Present, Imperfect and Future Tense)
Noun Ending Chart So Far
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