Chapter 33 Vocabulary
addūcō, -ere, addūxī, adductus, to lead to, move, influence
adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus, to be present aequus, -a, -um, level, even, equal amor, amōris, m., love augurium, augurī, n., augury, omen augurium capere/augurium agere, to take the augury, consult the omens (idiom) Aventīnus, -ī, m., the Aventine, one of the seven hills of Rome avis, avis, avium, f., bird caelum, -ī, n., sky cupiō, -ere, cupīvī, cupītus, to desire, be eager for, long for dēsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to mark out, designate dissentiō, -īre, dissēnsī, dissēnsus, to disagree, differ fuga, -ae, f., flight hic, haec, hoc, this idōneus, -a, -um, suitable, convenient, fit ille, illa, illud, that |
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, self
iste, ista, istud, that latus, lateris, n., side lībertās, lībertātis, f., liberty, freedom locus, -ī, m., place, location loca, locōrum, n. pl., places, region lūx, lūcis, f., light prīmā lūce, at daybreak (idiom) mōns, montis, montium, m., mountain summus mōns, the top of the mountain (idiom) nox, noctis, noctium, f., night mediā nocte, at midnight (idiom) praetereā, besides, furthermore, moreover prohibeō, -ēre, prohibuī, prohibitus, to keep off, prohibit, prevent trānsiliō, -īre, trānsiluī, ---, to leap across, jump over ut, as vultur, vulturis, m., vulture |
Chapter 33 Derivatives
aequus: equi-, equal, equate, adequate, equity
amor: amorous, enamor, paramour avis: avian, aviary, aviator, aviation caelum: cerulean, celestial, ceiling cupere: cupid, cupidity dēsignāre: designate, designation, design dissentīre: dissent, dissension |
latus: lateral, latitude
lībertās: liberty locus: location, locator, locality, local, allocate, locomotive lūx: translucent, lucid, Lucifer mōns: promontory, prominent, mount, mountain nox: noct- (nocturnal), equinox prohibēre: prohibit, prohibitive, prohibition |
DĒ URBIS NOVAE LOCŌ I
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Rōmulus et Remus victōriā magnā laetī cum avō suō Albae Longae mānsērunt. Sed dēsīderābant agrōs et montēs suōs; itaque revēnērunt ad loca in quibus eī, puerī et adulēscentēs, habitāvērant. Praetereā amōre lībertātis suam urbem et rēgnum cupiēbant. Sed frātrēs dē urbis novae locō inter sē dissentiēbant. “Hic mōns,” inquit Rōmulus, “est locus urbī novae idōneus. Latera huius montis sunt alta et hostēs prohibēbunt. Proximum huic montī est flūmen magnum quō nāvēs ad terrās extrēmās nāvigābunt. Praetereā ad hunc montem ā Faustulō portātī sumus et in hōc monte tot annōs habitāvimus. Hōc in locō urbem novam condēmus.” “Istīs causīs nōn addūcor,” respondet Remus. “hic mōns est altus sed nōn est aequus. Ille mōns est altus et aequus est. Agrī illīus montis sunt lātī. Flūmen est proximum illī montī quoque et hostēs prohibēbit. Itaque ad illum montem properābimus et illō in locō urbem novam condēmus.” Sīc Rōmulus dēlēgit montem quem posteā Rōmānī Palātium appellābant. Remus autem montem quī posteā appellābātur Aventīnus dēlēgit. Rōmulus et Remus victōriā magnā laetī cum avō suō Albae Longae mānsērunt. Sed dēsīderābant agrōs et montēs suōs; itaque revēnērunt ad loca in quibus eī, puerī et adulēscentēs, habitāvērant. Praetereā amōre lībertātis suam urbem et rēgnum cupiēbant. Sed frātrēs dē urbis novae locō inter sē dissentiēbant. “Hic mōns,” inquit Rōmulus, “est locus urbī novae idōneus. Latera huius montis sunt alta et hostēs prohibēbunt. Proximum huic montī est flūmen magnum quō nāvēs ad terrās extrēmās nāvigābunt. Praetereā ad hunc montem ā Faustulō portātī sumus et in hōc monte tot annōs habitāvimus. Hōc in locō urbem novam condēmus.” “Istīs causīs nōn addūcor,” respondet Remus, “hic mōns est altus sed nōn est aequus. Ille mōns est altus et aequus est. Agrī illīus montis sunt lātī. Flūmen est proximum illī montī quoque et hostēs prohibēbit. Itaque ad illum montem properābimus et illō in locō urbem novam condēmus.” Sīc Rōmulus dēlēgit montem quem posteā Rōmānī Palātium appellābant. Remus autem montem quī posteā appellābātur Aventīnus dēlēgit. |
Translation Video |
DĒ URBIS NOVAE LOCŌ I: Discussion
- In the second paragraph of De Urbis Novae Loco I, the masculine singular forms of the demonstrative hic are found. Determine the case of these forms by observing the nouns which they modify. Is the mountain which hic points out near the speaker?
- In the third paragraph of the story, the masculine singular forms of the demonstrative ille are found. Determine the case of these forms also. Is the mountain which ille points out near the speaker or relatively far away from the speaker?
- The demonstrative hic is used to point out persons or objects near the speaker in time, place, or thought, and is sometimes called the demonstrative of the first person. The demonstrative ille is used to point out persons or things remote from the speaker in time, place, or thought, and is sometimes called the demonstrative of the third person.
- In the third paragraph, the words Istis causis may be translated by those reasons of yours. Iste is sometimes called the demonstrative of the second person because it points out persons or objects near the person spoken to; it often implies scorn. There is no word in English that exactly translates it; often that alone is sufficient.
- When hic and ille refer to two different persons or things named in a sentence, hic usually refers to the nearer word, ille to the remoter word. In such a case ille may be translated the former, and hic, the latter; as, Aenēās et Romulus erant clāri; ille Troiānus hic Romāni mānus, erat, Aeneas and Romulus were famous men; the former was a Trojan, the latter was a Roman. When ille follows the noun which it modifies it often means that famous, that well known.
- In the reading lesson are examples of the intensive ipse, ipsa, ipsum. The intensive strengthens the word it modifies; as, Amūlius ipse Numitorem pepulit, Amulius himself drove out Numitor; Ego ipse hunc locum dēsidero, I myself long for this place. Ipse may sometimes be translated very; as, ipsa causa, the very reason. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum, is declined like iste, ista, istud, except that the neuter nominative and accusative ending is "-um" instead of "-ud"
- Learn the following paradigms:
- In the sentence Romulus et Remus victoriā magnā laeti cum avo suo Albae Longae mānsērunt, what phrase tells why Romulus and Remus were happy? In what case are these words? Is a preposition used? In the sentence Praetereā amore libertatis suam urbem et rēgnum cupiēbant, what words tell for what reason they desired a new city? In what case is amore? The ablative may be used generally without a preposition to express cause or reason. When so used, it is called the ablative of cause. This ablative is generally used with adjectives and verbs of emotion.
- In the sentence Sic Romulus dēlēgit montem quem posteā Romāni Palātium appellābant, the verb appellābant has two accusatives. Quem is the direct object and Palātium is the predicate accusative, referring to quem. In the sentence Remus montem qui posteā appellabātur Aventinus dēlēgit, the verb appellābātur is passive and has two nominatives. Qui is the subject nominative and Aventīnus is the predicate nominative, referring to qui.
- Many verbs of making, choosing, naming, and calling take two accusatives, one the direct object, the other the predicate accusative. In the passive the direct object becomes the subject and the predicate accusative becomes the predicate nominative.
DĒ URBIS NOVAE LOCŌ II
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Deinde frātrēs augurium cēpērunt (took the augury). Illō tempore, ut erat mōs, hominēs avium fugā auguria capiēbant. Vulturēs bona signa semper habēbantur. Rōmulus in Palātiō mānsit et augurium exspectāvit. Remus ad montem quem dēlēgerat properāvit et caelum spectāvit. Per illam noctem frātrēs caelum spectāvērunt. Tandem prīmā lūce sex vulturēs ā Remō vīsī sunt. Is magnō cum gaudiō nūntium ad sē vocāvit. Subitō nūntius, quī ā Rōmulō ipsō missus erat, aderat. Rōmulus vulturēs duodecim vīderat! Sīc Romūlus erat victor et Palātium erat locus deīs acceptus. Nūntius magnā cum celeritāte ad Rōmulum sociōsque revēnit. “Hunc montem,” clāmāvit Rōmulus victōriā laetus, “deī ipsī dēlēgērunt.” magnum erat gaudium in Palātiō. Statim Rōmulus ipse āram in hōc locō posuit et deīs grātiās ēgit. Posteā mūrus urbis ā Rōmulō ipsō dēsignatus est. Remus auguriō miser mūrum spectāvit et clāmāvit, “Iste mūrus hostēs nōn prohibēbit.” Deinde eum trānsiluit. Rōmulus eīs verbīs īrātis Remum interfēcit. Rōmulus fuit prīmus rēx Rōmānōrum. Notā bene: Sex, six and duodecim, twelve are indeclinable adjectives Deinde frātrēs augurium cēpērunt (took the augury). Illō tempore, ut erat mōs, hominēs avium fugā auguria capiēbant. Vulturēs bona signa semper habēbantur. Rōmulus in Palātiō mānsit et augurium exspectāvit. Remus ad montem quem dēlēgerat properāvit et caelum spectāvit. Per illam noctem frātrēs caelum spectāvērunt. Tandem prīmā lūce sex vulturēs ā Remō vīsī sunt. Is magnō cum gaudiō nūntium ad sē vocāvit. Subitō nūntius, quī ā Rōmulō ipsō missus erat, aderat. Rōmulus vulturēs duodecim vīderat! Sīc Romūlus erat victor et Palātium erat locus deīs acceptus. Nūntius magnā cum celeritāte ad Rōmulum sociōsque revēnit. “Hunc montem,” clāmāvit Rōmulus victōriā laetus, “deī ipsī dēlēgērunt.” Magnum erat gaudium in Palātiō. Statim Rōmulus ipse āram in hōc locō posuit et deīs grātiās ēgit. Posteā mūrus urbis ā Rōmulō ipsō dēsignatus est. Remus auguriō miser mūrum spectāvit et clāmāvit, “Iste mūrus hostēs nōn prohibēbit.” Deinde eum trānsiluit. Rōmulus eīs verbīs īrātīs Remum interfēcit. Rōmulus fuit prīmus rēx Rōmānōrum. Notā bene: Sex, six and duodecim, twelve are indeclinable adjectives |
Translation Video |
Chapter 33 Grammar Notes
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns: 'hic, haec, hoc', 'ille, illa, illud' and 'iste, ista, istud'
Take a minute and think in English. If we had two dogs (one is close to you and one is far away) and you wanted to say which one belonged to you, how would you say it in English? "The dog is mine"? If you say that, which dog are you referring to? It would be a problem, right? The answer is demonstrative pronouns/adjectives.
In English, the way we solve the problem of which dog we are talking about is with the words "this" or "that" -- for instance, "this dog is mine, but that dog isn't." The words "this" and "that" are what we call 'demonstratives' from the Latin "dēmōnstrāre" meaning "to point out" or "show." When you use these words in English or Latin you are pointing something out. It is a way of referring to things that are either closer to you (this/these) or further away (that/those).
In Latin, the demonstrative "hic, haec, hoc" means "this" while the plural would mean "these." It is used to refer to things that are closer to you.
Likewise, the demonstrative "ille, illa, illud" means "that" while the plural would mean "those." It is used to refer to things that are further away from you.
The last demonstrative, "iste, ista, istud," is slightly different in that it doesn't so much have a meaning as a mood. In translation, it technically means "that", but in usage it carries with it a mood of scorn or dismissal. So while there isn't a great way to translate it in English, we often try and get close by saying "that ____ of yours". Again, you can hear the disdain even in English.
Like all Nouns/Adjectives, the demonstratives have GENDER -- that is why we list them as "hic, haec, hoc/ille, illa illud." These are the MASCULINE, FEMININE, and NEUTER forms. Also, they have different endings for each CASE. They can be used as either pronouns: "Ille est laetus" ("That (man) is happy") OR adjectives: "Hic canis est defessus" ("This dog is tired"). Remember, though, when we use them as ADJECTIVES, they have to match their nouns in CASE (Nom., Gen., Dat., Acc., Abl.), NUMBER (Singular/Plural), and GENDER (Masc., Fem., Neuter)!
In English, the way we solve the problem of which dog we are talking about is with the words "this" or "that" -- for instance, "this dog is mine, but that dog isn't." The words "this" and "that" are what we call 'demonstratives' from the Latin "dēmōnstrāre" meaning "to point out" or "show." When you use these words in English or Latin you are pointing something out. It is a way of referring to things that are either closer to you (this/these) or further away (that/those).
In Latin, the demonstrative "hic, haec, hoc" means "this" while the plural would mean "these." It is used to refer to things that are closer to you.
Likewise, the demonstrative "ille, illa, illud" means "that" while the plural would mean "those." It is used to refer to things that are further away from you.
The last demonstrative, "iste, ista, istud," is slightly different in that it doesn't so much have a meaning as a mood. In translation, it technically means "that", but in usage it carries with it a mood of scorn or dismissal. So while there isn't a great way to translate it in English, we often try and get close by saying "that ____ of yours". Again, you can hear the disdain even in English.
Like all Nouns/Adjectives, the demonstratives have GENDER -- that is why we list them as "hic, haec, hoc/ille, illa illud." These are the MASCULINE, FEMININE, and NEUTER forms. Also, they have different endings for each CASE. They can be used as either pronouns: "Ille est laetus" ("That (man) is happy") OR adjectives: "Hic canis est defessus" ("This dog is tired"). Remember, though, when we use them as ADJECTIVES, they have to match their nouns in CASE (Nom., Gen., Dat., Acc., Abl.), NUMBER (Singular/Plural), and GENDER (Masc., Fem., Neuter)!
The Intensive Pronoun "Ipse, Ipsa, Ipsum"
The word "ipse, ipsa, ipsum" is what we call an "intensive," meaning that it intensifies or emphasizes a noun or pronoun. We translate it as "himself, herself, itself" or "themselves." Think about how we might use this in English -- you can say "I saw the woman herself in the store" or "the picture itself is the clue." In both sentences, you would be drawing more attention to the nouns "woman" and "picture" -- this is how "ipse, ipsa, ipsum" functions. Remember, though, since these words are adjectives they need to match the noun they describe in CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER! Here's an example in Latin:
Cicerō ipse laudāvit me.
Cicero himself praised me.
Cicero himself praised me.
Quick Refresher: Noun-Adjective Agreement
Chapter 33 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
I. Decline the following phrases singular and plural: Haec, nāvis, illud, certāmen, nūntius, ipse, illa, nox, hoc, augurium, ista, causā.
II. Supply the proper case endings:
1. H___ adulēscentēs augurī___ laetī domum revēnērunt.
2. Ill___ adulēscentēs vulturum fug___ sunt miserī.
3. H___ arborēs rīpam tetigērunt.
4. Ill___ arborēs erant in flūmine ips___.
5. Ill___ loca sunt templīs idōnea.
6. Fug___ avium ill___ sacerdōtēs addūcuntur.
7. Casa Rōmulī ips___ erat in latere ill___ montis.
8. "Ego trānsiliam īst___ mūrum," clāmat Remus.
II. Supply the proper case endings:
1. H___ adulēscentēs augurī___ laetī domum revēnērunt.
2. Ill___ adulēscentēs vulturum fug___ sunt miserī.
3. H___ arborēs rīpam tetigērunt.
4. Ill___ arborēs erant in flūmine ips___.
5. Ill___ loca sunt templīs idōnea.
6. Fug___ avium ill___ sacerdōtēs addūcuntur.
7. Casa Rōmulī ips___ erat in latere ill___ montis.
8. "Ego trānsiliam īst___ mūrum," clāmat Remus.
Grammar Exercise 2
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. The young men were influenced by their love of liberty.
2. They longed for a new city but they disagreed with each other about the location.
3. Then Romulus marked out a level place on the mountain whose sides were steep.
4. On this place he took an augury, as was the custom.
5. "I myself shall remain on this mountain and shall watch the sky," said Romulus.
6. On that night Remus also awaited the flight of the birds.
7. At daybreak, twelve vultures were seen by the former, six by the latter.
8. Those who were present on the Palatine shouted with great joy.
9. That wall of yours is not suitable, and furthermore it will not keep out (prohibit) the enemy.
10. Then the wretched youth jumped over the wall.
2. They longed for a new city but they disagreed with each other about the location.
3. Then Romulus marked out a level place on the mountain whose sides were steep.
4. On this place he took an augury, as was the custom.
5. "I myself shall remain on this mountain and shall watch the sky," said Romulus.
6. On that night Remus also awaited the flight of the birds.
7. At daybreak, twelve vultures were seen by the former, six by the latter.
8. Those who were present on the Palatine shouted with great joy.
9. That wall of yours is not suitable, and furthermore it will not keep out (prohibit) the enemy.
10. Then the wretched youth jumped over the wall.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 33 Sentence Translation Practice (Specifically Demonstratives)
Chapter 33 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 33 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 33 Noun Ending Chart (All)
Chapter 33 Sentence Translation Practice (Specifically Demonstratives)
Chapter 33 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 33 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 33 Noun Ending Chart (All)