Chapter 36 Vocabulary
ācriter, fiercely, eagerly, bitterly
addō, -ere, addidī, additus, to add ambō, ambae, ambō, both animus, -ī, m., mind, feeling, disposition caedō, -ere, cecidī, caesus, to cut down, slay, kill cōnfirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to strengthen, declare digitus, ī, m., finger dīligens, dīligentis, diligent, careful fīnis, fīnis, fīnium, m., end, limit; boundaries, territory hōra, -ae, f., hour hūc et illūc, hither and thither invocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to call upon, invoke laus, laudis, f., praise, glory male, poorly, badly memor, memoris, mindful, heedful memoria, -ae, f., memory memoriā tenēre, to remember |
mīlia, mīlium, n. pl., thousands
nesciō, -īre, īvī, ---, to not to know, be ignorant occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to seize, take possession of opus, operis, n., work, labor; composition perterreō, -ēre, perterruī, perterritus, to terrify, thoroughly alarm quidem, indeed, certainly, at least nē quidem, not even quot?, how many? reprehendō, -ere, reprehendī, reprehēnsus, to seize; blame, censure sciō, -īre, īvī, -ītus, to know diū atque acriter pugnātum est, they fought long and also fiercely (idiom) aliī in aliam partem, some in one direction, others in another; some one way, some another (idiom) memoriā tenēre, to remember (idiom) |
- Note that cecīdī, from caedō, means I killed and cecidī, from cadō means I fell down
Chapter 36 Derivatives
addere: addendum, additive, addition, add
animus: unanimous, magnanimous, animosity caedere: excise, incise, "-cide" (homicide, patricide, matricide, etc.), incisor, decision, precision cōnfirmāre: confirmation, confirm digitus: digit, digital dīligens: diligent, diligence fīnis: finite, infinite, finish, definite, final, affinity hōra: hour, horoscope |
invocāre: invocation, invoke
laus: laud memor: memorable, memorandum, commemorate, memory, memorize, memorial, memorabilia, memorial, remember mīlia: million, mile occupāre: occupant, occupation, occupy reprehendere: reprehensible, reprehend, reprise, reprisal scīre: science, prescience, prescient, conscious, conscience |
DĒ NUMERĪS RŌMĀNĪS
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Est hōra tertia et Orbilius parvōs puerōs numerōs docet. Numerī ab ūnō ad vīgintī docentur. Nōn omnēs discipulī sunt dīligentēs. Alius (one) numerōrum memor erit, alius (another) oblītus. Aliī (some) bene, aliī (others) male respondēbunt. “Unus, duo, trēs, quattuor, quīnque, sex, septem, octō, novem, decem,” respondet puer prīmus. “Bene!” inquit Orbilius. Orbilius secundum puerum reliquōs numerōs rogat. “Nesciō,” respondet is puer. Orbilius eum nōn laudat. Laudātur opus alterīus (of one) sed opus alterīus (of another) reprehenditur. Alter domī dīligenter labōrāverat; alter nōn labōrāverat. Tum tertius respondet, “ūndecim, duodecim, tredecim, quattuordecim, quīndecim, sēdecim, septendecim, duōdēvīgintī, ūndēvīgintī, vīgintī.” “Quis omnēs numerōs scit?” “Ego numerōs sciō. Bene eōs memoriā teneō,” clamat Titus. Titus magnam laudem accipit. “Quot digitōs, Claudī, habēs?” “Decem digitōs habeō,” “Sī ūnī digitō adduntur duo digitī, quot digitī sunt?” “Trēs digitī sunt,” respondet puer quīntus. “Sī duōbus digitīs quīnque digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?” “Nesciō,” respondet puer sextus. Is timet quod Orbilius certē eum castīgābit. Tum Orbilius septimum vocat et rogat, “Sī tribus digitīs septem digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?” Is quoque respondet, “Nesciō.” Nunc magister īrātus ambōs puerōs pigrōs ad sē vocat. Animus neutrīus est laetus. Orbilius cum studiō ambōs castīgat. Utrī laus crās dabitur? Crās ambō puerī laudābuntur. Omnēs quidem puerī laudābuntur. Nūllī discipulī erunt numerōrum oblītī sed omnēs tōtam hōram cum dīligentiā labōrābunt. Est hōra tertia et Orbilius parvōs puerōs numerōs docet. Numerī ab ūnō ad vīgintī docentur. Nōn omnēs discipulī sunt dīligentēs. Alius (one) numerōrum memor erit, alius (another) oblītus. Aliī (some) bene, aliī (others) male respondēbunt. “Unus, duo, trēs, quattuor, quīnque, sex, septem, octō, novem, decem,” respondet puer prīmus. “Bene!” inquit Orbilius. Orbilius secundum puerum reliquōs numerōs rogat. “Nesciō,” respondet is puer. Orbilius eum nōn laudat. Laudātur opus alterīus (of one) sed opus alterīus (of another) reprehenditur. Alter domī dīligenter labōrāverat; alter nōn labōrāverat. Tum tertius respondet, “ūndecim, duodecim, tredecim, quattuordecim, quīndecim, sēdecim, septendecim, duōdēvīgintī, ūndēvīgintī, vīgintī.” “Quis omnēs numerōs scit?” “Ego numerōs sciō. Bene eōs memoriā teneō,” clamat Titus. Titus magnam laudem accipit. “Quot digitōs, Claudī, habēs?” “Decem digitōs habeō,” “Sī ūnī digitō adduntur duo digitī, quot digitī sunt?” “Trēs digitī sunt,” respondet puer quīntus. “Sī duōbus digitīs quīnque digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?” “Nesciō,” respondet puer sextus. Is timet quod Orbilius certē eum castīgābit. Tum Orbilius septimum vocat et rogat, “Sī tribus digitīs septem digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?” Is quoque respondet, “Nesciō.” Nunc magister īrātus ambōs puerōs pigrōs ad sē vocat. Animus neutrīus est laetus. Orbilius cum studiō ambōs castīgat. Utrī laus crās dabitur? Crās ambō puerī laudābuntur. Omnēs quidem puerī laudābuntur. Nūllī discipulī erunt numerōrum oblītī sed omnēs tōtam hōram cum dīligentiā labōrābunt. |
Translation Video |
DĒ NUMERĪS RŌMĀNĪS: Responde Latine
1. Quid agit Orbilius?
2. Quid puer prīmus respondet?
3. Estne secundus discipulus bonus?
4. Cuius opus laudātur reprehenditur?
5. Quid tertius respondet?
6. Cūr Titus magnam laudem accipit?
7. Quot digitōs habet Claudius?
8. Sī ūnī digitō trēs digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?
9. Sī duōbus digitīs ūnus digitus additur, quot digitī sunt?
10. Sī tribus digitīs duo digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?
11. Curest Orbilius īrātus?
12. Quōs Orbilius castīgat?
13. Cuius animus est laetus?
14. Uter puer crās reprehendētur?
15. Quam diū discipulī cum dīligentiā labōrābunt?
16. Ūllusne discipulus erit numerōrum oblītus?
2. Quid puer prīmus respondet?
3. Estne secundus discipulus bonus?
4. Cuius opus laudātur reprehenditur?
5. Quid tertius respondet?
6. Cūr Titus magnam laudem accipit?
7. Quot digitōs habet Claudius?
8. Sī ūnī digitō trēs digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?
9. Sī duōbus digitīs ūnus digitus additur, quot digitī sunt?
10. Sī tribus digitīs duo digitī adduntur, quot digitī sunt?
11. Curest Orbilius īrātus?
12. Quōs Orbilius castīgat?
13. Cuius animus est laetus?
14. Uter puer crās reprehendētur?
15. Quam diū discipulī cum dīligentiā labōrābunt?
16. Ūllusne discipulus erit numerōrum oblītus?
DĒ NUMERĪS RŌMĀNĪS: Discussion
- In the story Dē Numeris Romānis are found the cardinal numerals one to twenty. Cardinal numbers correspond to English one, two, three, etc.; they state how many objects or persons are mentioned. The word cardinal is derived from Latin cardo, cardinis, hinge; cardinal numbers are so called because they are considered the most important numbers, the pivotal numbers; and numbers of other kinds as first, second, third, etc, hinge or depend upon them.
- Consider the following clauses:
Sī duõbus digitīs quīnque digitī adduntur
Sī tribus digitīs septem digitī adduntur
- What is the case of the numerals, ūnī, duõbus, tribus? These three cardinals are declinable; the other cardinals, except 200, 300, 400, etc., to 900, are indeclinable. The declension of ūnus, duo, and trēs must be carefully memorized.
- In the same story, there are a few numerals corresponding to English first, second, third, etc. These numerals tell the order of persons or objects; hence they are called ordinal numerals, or ordinals. They are adjectives of the first and second declension. Memorize the first ten ordinals.
- In the sentence Alii bene alis male respondēbunt, what meanings has aliī? In the sentence Alius numerõrum memor erit, alius oblītus, what meanings has alius? The word alius is often used with contrasted meanings, one...another for the singular meanings, and some...others for the plural meanings. When only one alius occurs in a sentence, it has the meaning another.
- Alius is declined like a first and second declension adjective except in the genitive and dative singular. Memorize all its forms.
- In the sentence Opus alterius laudātur sed opus alterius reprehenditur, what is the case of alterius and what meanings has it? In the sentence Alter domi diligenter laborāverat alter non laborāverat, what meanings has alter? The word alter is used only when two definite persons or things have been mentioned and something is told about (the) one and the other. Its contrasted meanings in the singular are (the) one...the other. This word is also somewhat irregular, as can be observed from the genitive singular form. Memorize all its forms.
- There are nine words in Latin which show this peculiarity of declension, having "-ius" in the genitive singular and "-i" in the dative singular. They are unus, alius, alter; also sõlus, tõtus, uter, neuter, ūllus, nullus. Of these, alius has the form aliud in the neuter, singular, nominative and accusative. With these exceptions, the words in this group have the endings of a first and second declension adjective; but the vocative is lacking.
- These words are called pronominal adjectives: they are used sometimes as pronouns, sometimes as adjectives.
- The declension of unus is given below. Ūnus, of course, has no plural, and duo and trēs have no singular. Duo and trēs are declined as follows:
- The nine irregular pronominal adjectives are: ūnus, -a, -um, one; nūllus, -a, -um, none; tõtus, -a, -um, whole; ūllus, -a, -um, any; sõlus, -a, -um, alone, only; neuter, neutra, neutrum, neither of two; uter, utra, utrum, which of two; alter, altera, alterum, the other of two; alius, alia, aliud, another.
- Unus and alius are declined as follows:
Reading Lesson: DĒ BELLŌ SABĪNŌ
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Sabīnī in Capitōlium ā Tarpeiā ductī mūnītiōnēs occupāvērunt sed Rōmānī ad Palātium fūgērunt. Inter duōs montēs fuit spatium aequum quod posteā Forum Rōmānum appellātum est. Hīc duō rēgēs cum multīs mīlitibus proelium commīsērunt. Diū atque ācriter pugnātum est sed victōria neutrī rēgī data est. Multa proelia facta sunt; multī mīlitēs caesī sunt. Tandem Hostīlius, dux Rōmānus, interfectus est et Rōmulus lapide vulnerātus cecidit. Rōmānī rēgem vulnerātum videntēs perterritī sunt et aliī in aliam partem fūgērunt. Brevī tempore autem Rōmulus surrēxit. Fugā mīlitum īrātus ācriter eōs accūsāvit; sed nē ūnus quidem fugam intermīsit. Tum Rōmulus Iovem patrem deōrum invocāns auxilium ōrāvit. Virtūs Rōmānōrum verbīs Rōmulī cōnfirmāta est et fugam intermīsērunt. “Proelium committite et hostēs vincite, mīlitēs,” clāmat Rōmulus. “Iuppiter nōbīs auxilium dabit.” Itaque Rōmānī cum Sabīnīs iterum proelium committunt. Subitō Sabīnōrum fīliae, quae ā Rōmānīs raptae sunt, in proelium currunt. Neque tēla neque vīrēs hominum timent. Hūc et illūc currunt, ōrantēs fīnem bellī. et Sabīnī et Rōmānī verbīs eārum addūcuntur. Itaque ambō rēgēs fīnem bellī faciunt. Pāx inter eōs cōnstituta est. Rōmānī Sabīnīque urbem commūnem habuērunt. Et Rōmulus et Tatius urbem commūnem quīnque annōs rēxērunt. Tandem Tatius interfectus est et Rōmulus sōlus rēgnāvit. Posteā multa mīlia Rōmānōrum Rōmulum deum et patrem urbis adōrāvērunt. Nota Bene: Iuppiter Iovis, Jupiter, chief of the gods Nē ūnus quidem, not even one, not a single one Sabīnī in Capitōlium ā Tarpeiā ductī mūnītiōnēs occupāvērunt sed Rōmānī ad Palātium fūgērunt. Inter duōs montēs fuit spatium aequum quod posteā Forum Rōmānum appellātum est. Hīc duō rēgēs cum multīs mīlitibus proelium commīsērunt. Diū atque ācriter pugnātum est sed victōria neutrī rēgī data est. Multa proelia facta sunt; multī mīlitēs caesī sunt. Tandem Hostīlius, dux Rōmānus, interfectus est et Rōmulus lapide vulnerātus cecidit. Rōmānī rēgem vulnerātum videntēs perterritī sunt et aliī in aliam partem fūgērunt. Brevī tempore autem Rōmulus surrēxit. Fugā mīlitum īrātus ācriter eōs accūsāvit; sed nē ūnus quidem fugam intermīsit. Tum Rōmulus Iovem patrem deōrum invocāns auxilium ōrāvit. Virtūs Rōmānōrum verbīs Rōmulī cōnfirmāta est et fugam intermīsērunt. “Proelium committite et hostēs vincite, mīlitēs,” clāmat Rōmulus. “Iuppiter nōbīs auxilium dabit.” Itaque Rōmānī cum Sabīnīs iterum proelium committunt. Subitō Sabīnōrum fīliae, quae ā Rōmānīs raptae sunt, in proelium currunt. Neque tēla neque vīrēs hominum timent. Hūc et illūc currunt, ōrantēs fīnem bellī. Et Sabīnī et Rōmānī verbīs eārum addūcuntur. Itaque ambō rēgēs fīnem bellī faciunt. Pāx inter eōs cōnstituta est. Rōmānī Sabīnīque urbem commūnem habuērunt. Et Rōmulus et Tatius urbem commūnem quīnque annōs rēxērunt. Tandem Tatius interfectus est et Rōmulus sōlus rēgnāvit. Posteā multa mīlia Rōmānōrum Rōmulum deum et patrem urbis adōrāvērunt. Nota Bene: Iuppiter Iovis, Jupiter, chief of the gods Nē ūnus quidem, not even one, not a single one |
Translation Video |
Chapter 36 Grammar Notes
Roman Numerals/Latin Numbers
Every year in Latin 1, I get asked the same question: "Mr. C, why don't we learn how to count in Latin? All the other languages learn numbers and colors early on!" It's a great question with a really simple answer: Latin numbers are hard! In English (and most other languages), there is one word for each number: one, two, ten, twenty, etc. You have to remember, though, that numbers are ADJECTIVES -- they describe nouns. It's not just a group of dogs, for instance, it's a group of seven dogs. The number "seven" is describing the noun "dogs." Seems simple, right? Sort of... Now, we are realizing that adjectives in Latin can be complicated because they have CASE, NUMBER and GENDER. So the number "one" is spelled differently depending on whether the noun you are describing is masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as well as how it is being used in the sentence. It's much more complicated than you might have thought! Let's break it down into pieces, though, so that you can start to process Latin numbers and Roman Numerals.
Roman Numerals
Most people have seen Roman numerals at some point in their lives, whether it be as page numbers at the start of a textbook, the numbers on a fancy clock, or even the naming of the NFL Superbowl. Roman numerals are all around us! But where do they come from? That's actually an interesting question with a cool answer. Roman numerals originated with people trying to count on their fingers. The Roman numeral "I" or "one," for instance, is the shape of holding up one finger. Likewise "V" or "five" is formed by holding all your fingers up -- the space between your thumb and index finger makes a "V" shape. "X" or "10" is just two "V"s one on top of the other. Take a look at the YouTube video below to see and hear an explanation:
OK, so I, II, III, V, and X make sense, as they relate to fingers. But what about the rest of the numbers? For that, here's what you do:
Start with the biggest number. If there is a number to the left of the biggest number, you are SUBTRACTING; if there is a number to the right, you are ADDING. So, the number "IV" is V (5) minus I (1), or four. The number "VI" is V (5) plus I (1), or six. Does that make sense? Take a look at the video below to learn about Roman numerals.
Start with the biggest number. If there is a number to the left of the biggest number, you are SUBTRACTING; if there is a number to the right, you are ADDING. So, the number "IV" is V (5) minus I (1), or four. The number "VI" is V (5) plus I (1), or six. Does that make sense? Take a look at the video below to learn about Roman numerals.
That can become pretty overwhelming and not overly useful, since you could technically write "4" as either "IV" or "IIII." This is why we no longer use Roman numerals. For our purposes, here are the ones you need to know and their Latin names:
I: unus, -a, -um (one) VIII: octō (eight)
II: duo, -ae, -o (two) IX: novem (nine)
III: trēs, trēs, tria (three) X: decem (ten)
IV: quattuor (four) L: quīnquāgintā (fifty)
V: quīnque (five) C: centum (one hundred)
VI: sex (six) D: quīngentī, -ae, -a (five hundred)
VII: septem (seven) M: mīlle (one thousand)
Note that the numbers 4,-10, 50, 100, and 1,000 only have ONE form. This makes them a bit easier to use!
I: unus, -a, -um (one) VIII: octō (eight)
II: duo, -ae, -o (two) IX: novem (nine)
III: trēs, trēs, tria (three) X: decem (ten)
IV: quattuor (four) L: quīnquāgintā (fifty)
V: quīnque (five) C: centum (one hundred)
VI: sex (six) D: quīngentī, -ae, -a (five hundred)
VII: septem (seven) M: mīlle (one thousand)
Note that the numbers 4,-10, 50, 100, and 1,000 only have ONE form. This makes them a bit easier to use!
Latin Numbers
So now that we feel a bit more comfortable with Roman numerals, what about the numbers 1, 2, and 3? You probably noticed that they are not simply one word, but have a masculine, feminine, and neuter ending. This is because they are adjectives! Here are the forms you need to know for the numbers 1, 2, and 3:
Remember, these adjectives always match their noun in CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER!
To learn more about Latin numbers, check out the YouTube video below from LatinTutorial:
To learn more about Latin numbers, check out the YouTube video below from LatinTutorial:
Cardinal vs. Ordinal Numbers
When dealing with numbers, we make a distinction between "Cardinal" and "Ordinal" numbers. Cardinal numbers answer the question "How many? ("Quot?"). They are numbers such as "one, two, three, four, five," etc. Ordinal numbers answer the question "in which order?" or "what? (Quotus/a/um?)". They are numbers such as "first, second, third, fourth, fifth," etc. Here is a list of Cardinal and Ordinal numbers in Latin:
- the numbers four (quattuor) to one hundred (centum) do not have CASE or GENDER
- notice how the numbers 11-17 are "10 + 1, 2, 3, etc", but the numbers 18 and 19 are counted backwards from 20 (18 = "2 from 20"; 19 = "1 from 20"). In later Latin, there actually was another way of expressing these numbers as "octodecim" and "novemdecim". There also seems to be a pattern of more common, every day Latin using "octodecim" and "novemdecim," while more formal Latin of writers and speakers used the "duodeviginti" and "undeviginti" version
- notice, too, that the number 500 (quingenti, -ae, a) has CASE and GENDER
Chapter 36 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
I.
1. Give the cardinal numerals to twenty.
2. Give the ordinal numerals to ten.
3. Give the nine irregular pronominal adjectives with their meanings.
II. Decline the following phrases in the number given: virgō sõla, duo animālia, trēs adulēscentēs, ūnus digitus, aliī mīlitēs, alterum iter, mīlia hominum, ambō frātrēs.
III. Supply the proper endings for the adjectives:
1 Null___ puellae erant in Orbili___ lūdo.
2 Habēbatne lūdus Romānus ūll___ fenestrās?
3 Utr___ puero praemium datum est?
4 Opus neutr___ laudātum est.
5 Numitori sõl___ rēgnum datum erat.
6 Militēs tot___ noctem pugnāvērunt.
7 Rēgnum ūn___ rēgi dabitur.
8 Duo pueri bene respondērunt; alter___ liber datus est, alter___ stilus datus est.
9 Fābulae dē Aenēā ali___ discipulos dēlectant; fābulae dē Rômulo ali___ dēlectant.
1. Give the cardinal numerals to twenty.
2. Give the ordinal numerals to ten.
3. Give the nine irregular pronominal adjectives with their meanings.
II. Decline the following phrases in the number given: virgō sõla, duo animālia, trēs adulēscentēs, ūnus digitus, aliī mīlitēs, alterum iter, mīlia hominum, ambō frātrēs.
III. Supply the proper endings for the adjectives:
1 Null___ puellae erant in Orbili___ lūdo.
2 Habēbatne lūdus Romānus ūll___ fenestrās?
3 Utr___ puero praemium datum est?
4 Opus neutr___ laudātum est.
5 Numitori sõl___ rēgnum datum erat.
6 Militēs tot___ noctem pugnāvērunt.
7 Rēgnum ūn___ rēgi dabitur.
8 Duo pueri bene respondērunt; alter___ liber datus est, alter___ stilus datus est.
9 Fābulae dē Aenēā ali___ discipulos dēlectant; fābulae dē Rômulo ali___ dēlectant.
Grammar Exercise 2
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. At the third hour the diligent boys will give their compositions to Orbilius.
2. To some boys he will give praise, to others he will not.
3. The mind of the first boy, who had answered badly, was wretched.
4. Not even the second boy knew the numbers.
5. Orbilius beat both boys because they had not remembered their numbers.
6. Titus, mindful of the numbers, did not reply, "I do not know,; he added seven fingers to three fingers with great quickness.
7. Romulus called upon the father of the gods because the Sabines had seized the Capitoline Hill and the Romans were fleeing.
8. Many had been slain; and so the rest, terrified, were running hither and thither.
9. The Romans, bitterly reproached by Romulus, were strengthened by his words and put an end to their flight.
10. Many thousands of Romans have worshiped Romulus as god and father of the city.
2. To some boys he will give praise, to others he will not.
3. The mind of the first boy, who had answered badly, was wretched.
4. Not even the second boy knew the numbers.
5. Orbilius beat both boys because they had not remembered their numbers.
6. Titus, mindful of the numbers, did not reply, "I do not know,; he added seven fingers to three fingers with great quickness.
7. Romulus called upon the father of the gods because the Sabines had seized the Capitoline Hill and the Romans were fleeing.
8. Many had been slain; and so the rest, terrified, were running hither and thither.
9. The Romans, bitterly reproached by Romulus, were strengthened by his words and put an end to their flight.
10. Many thousands of Romans have worshiped Romulus as god and father of the city.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 36 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 36 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 36 Noun Ending Chart (All)
Chapter 36 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 36 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 36 Noun Ending Chart (All)