Chapter 4 Vocabulary
alba, white
ambulat, he/she/it walks, takes a walk ambulant, they walk, take a walk benigna, kind corbula, little basket corōna, garland, wreath dea, goddess laeta, happy, cheerful Marcella, Marcella, daughter of Terentia ōrnat, he/she/it adorns, decorates ōrnant, they adorn, decorate |
plēna, full
portat, he/she/it carries, brings portant, they carry, bring rosa, rose saepe, often semper, always statua, statue Terentia, Terentia tunica, tunic (a kind of Roman clothing) vīta, life |
Chapter 4 Derivatives
ambulat, ambulate, somnambulist, ambulatory, preamble, amble, ambulance
benigna, benignant corōna, coronate, coronation, corona, coronary, coroner dea, deicide, deify, deity |
ōrnat, ornate, ornament, adorn
plēna, plentitude, plenty, plenary, replenish portat, transport, deport, import, portable, port, support, report, portfolio statua, statuary, statue vīta, vital, vitamin, viable, vitality, vitalize |
MARCELLA
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will change throughout the year, but it will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Latin Text
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Puella est Marcella. Marcella est fīlia Terentiae. Terentia est domina vīllae. Marcella est laeta quod novam tunicam habet. Tunica Marcellae est longa et alba. Marcella corbulam portat. Marcellae corbula est pulchra. Marcella statuās deārum amat. Vīlla est plēna statuārum deārum. Corbula Marcellae est rosārum albārum plēna. Marcella statuās deārum ōrnat; corōnae deās dēlectant. Puella est Marcella. Marcella est fīlia Terentiae. Terentia est domina vīllae. Marcella est laeta quod novam tunicam habet. Tunica Marcellae est longa et alba. Marcella corbulam portat. Marcellae corbula est pulchra. Marcella statuās deārum amat. Vīlla est plēna statuārum deārum. Corbula Marcellae est rosārum albārum plēna. Marcella statuās deārum ōrnat; corōnae deās dēlectant. |
Translation Video |
MARCELLA: Discussion
- In the sentence "Marcella est filia Terentiae" whose daughter is Marcella? In the sentence "Tunica Marcellae est longa et alba," whose tunic is long and white? In the sentence "Marcellae corbula est pulchra," whose basket is beautiful? What do the words "Terentiae" and "Marcellae" show? Does each word refer to one person, or more than one? What is the ending of these words? With what ending is possession indicated in English? In Latin, possession is indicated by a case having the ending "-ae"; this is called the "Genitive" case. In English grammar, this is called the possessive case.
- In the sentence "Marcella statuas dearum amat," whose statue does Marcella like? How is the word "dearum" translated? In the sentence "Villa est plena statuarum dearum," which word tells what the villa is full of? How is this word translated? Does each of these words refer to one person or thing, or more than one? Find other words with the same ending and give their meanings. The ending "-ārum" is the ending of the Genitive plural.
- The Genitive case is used to answer the question whose? or of whom? or of what?
- Genitive Singular: puellae
- Genitive Plural: puellārum
MARCELLA: Responde Latine
1. Cuius fīlia est Marcella? *Cuius = interrogative pronoun in the genitive singular: whose?
2. Cuius tunica est longa et alba? 3. Cuius corbula est pulchra? 4. Nōnne Marcella statuās deārum amat? 5. Estne vīlla plēna statuārum? |
6. Nōnne corbula Marcellae est plēna rosārum?
7. Ōrnatne Marcella statuās? 8. Quārum statuās Marcella ōrnat? *Quārum = interrogative pronoun in the genitive plural: whose? 9. Quās corōnae puellae dēlectant? |
Reading Lesson: Puella Laeta
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Latin Text
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Cornēlia et Secunda sunt fīliae Tulliae. Tullia et fīliae vīllam pulchram et ancillās multās habent. Vīta fīliārum Tulliae est laeta quod Tullia fīliās amat. Ancillae Tulliae sunt defessae quod semper laborant. Vīta Tulliae est laeta quod fīliae sunt bonae. Ancillae nōn semper labōrant. Saepe puellae et ancillae ambulant. Tullia est magistra fīliārum et ancillārum. Puellae sunt laetae; puellae Tulliam magistram amant. Cornēlia et Secunda sunt fīliae Tulliae. Tullia et fīliae vīllam pulchram et ancillās multās habent. Vīta fīliārum Tulliae est laeta quod Tullia fīliās amat. Ancillae Tulliae sunt defessae quod semper laborant. Vīta Tulliae est laeta quod fīliae sunt bonae. Ancillae nōn semper labōrant. Saepe puellae et ancillae ambulant. Tullia est magistra fīliārum et ancillārum. Puellae sunt laetae; puellae Tulliam magistram amant. |
Translation Video |
Grammar Notes
The Genitive Case, 1st Declension
Take a look at the sentence below from our Ch. 4 Story:
Marcella est filia Terentiae.
Does anything seem odd to you about it? The word "Terentiae" seem to have a Nominative Plural noun ending. But we don't translate it as "the Terentias". Also, it wouldn't work as the Subject of the sentence -- so what's going on?
What you are looking at is the next case we will explore, the "Genitive Case". This case is very common in Latin and it's main use is to indicate possession (something belonging to someone). We almost always translate the Genitive Case with the English word "of." In the example above, we are trying to show that the Marcella belongs to Terentia (because she is her mother). The word "Terentiae" is in the Genitive Singular case (which looks identical to the Nominative Plural -- more on that to come!). We translate it as "of Terentia". Moving forward, pay attention to the "Cases Highlighted" tab above the chapter story -- I will be highlighting Genitive Case nouns in Green for you to see. We will explore them in much more detail in a later chapter, though! For now, just translate the Genitive as "of".
The Genitive Case form for the 1st Declension uses the endings "-ae" in the singular and "-ārum" in the plural.
Marcella est filia Terentiae.
Does anything seem odd to you about it? The word "Terentiae" seem to have a Nominative Plural noun ending. But we don't translate it as "the Terentias". Also, it wouldn't work as the Subject of the sentence -- so what's going on?
What you are looking at is the next case we will explore, the "Genitive Case". This case is very common in Latin and it's main use is to indicate possession (something belonging to someone). We almost always translate the Genitive Case with the English word "of." In the example above, we are trying to show that the Marcella belongs to Terentia (because she is her mother). The word "Terentiae" is in the Genitive Singular case (which looks identical to the Nominative Plural -- more on that to come!). We translate it as "of Terentia". Moving forward, pay attention to the "Cases Highlighted" tab above the chapter story -- I will be highlighting Genitive Case nouns in Green for you to see. We will explore them in much more detail in a later chapter, though! For now, just translate the Genitive as "of".
The Genitive Case form for the 1st Declension uses the endings "-ae" in the singular and "-ārum" in the plural.
Quick Review of Noun Endings So Far
This is a good point to pause and just organize the different noun endings and cases we know so far. Take a look:
Nominative Case: subject of the sentence
Accusative Case: direct object of the sentence
Genitive Case: possession ("of")
Nominative Case: subject of the sentence
Accusative Case: direct object of the sentence
Genitive Case: possession ("of")
Quick Note on Genitives -- An Important Use!
We will go into this in much more detail in later chapters, but there is one very important use of the Genitive Case that we can look at now. When we write out Latin nouns in the dictionary, you might've noticed that there are 4 parts. For example, "villa, -ae, f., house" -- the first part is the Nominative Singular form; the second piece is the Genitive Singular form; the third piece is the Gender; the last piece is the English translation.
So why do we do this? Well the Nominative is the main form of the noun, so it makes sense we would list that. The same goes for the Gender and the English translation. But why the Genitive? Well, the Genitive Case actually is the key to knowing what Declension a noun belongs to! Again, we will talk more about this, but every Declension has a unique Genitive Singular form -- this let's us use it as a key to know which Declension a word belongs to. Here is the key:
1st Declension = "-ae"
2nd Declension = "-ī"
3rd Declension = "-is"
4th Declension = "-ūs"
5th Declension = "-eī/ēī"
Keep this in mind as we continue on in our course! It will be very useful!
So why do we do this? Well the Nominative is the main form of the noun, so it makes sense we would list that. The same goes for the Gender and the English translation. But why the Genitive? Well, the Genitive Case actually is the key to knowing what Declension a noun belongs to! Again, we will talk more about this, but every Declension has a unique Genitive Singular form -- this let's us use it as a key to know which Declension a word belongs to. Here is the key:
1st Declension = "-ae"
2nd Declension = "-ī"
3rd Declension = "-is"
4th Declension = "-ūs"
5th Declension = "-eī/ēī"
Keep this in mind as we continue on in our course! It will be very useful!
Key Ideas
- The Genitive Case is used to show possession
- For 1st Declension, the Genitive singular is "-ae" and the Genitive plural is "-ārum"
- We often translate the Genitive in English as "of" or "-'s"
- The Genitive Singular is given in dictionaries to help figure out what group or "declension" a noun belongs to -- save this for later!
Chapter 4 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Fīliae agricol___ (pl.) sunt laetae.
2. Vīlla Tulli___ est pulchra. 3. Statua fēmin___ (sing.) Rōmān___ est magna. 4. Casa ancill___ (pl.) dominam dēlectat. 5. Ancilla corbulam Marcell___ portat. 6. Corbula est plēna ros___. |
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Grammar Exercise 2: Write in Latin
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Marcella's tunic is new.
2. The little girl is taking a walk.
3. Marcella is not a farmer's daughter.
4. Marcella is the daughter of Terentia.
5. Terentia's slave women are happy because she is a kind mistress.
6. The life of a slave woman is not always happy.
7. Marcella and Terentia have baskets full of white roses.
8. The slave women are carrying beautiful garlands.
9. Terentia and (her) daughter often decorate the statues of goddesses.
10. Do the garlands please the goddesses? Yes, surely.
2. The little girl is taking a walk.
3. Marcella is not a farmer's daughter.
4. Marcella is the daughter of Terentia.
5. Terentia's slave women are happy because she is a kind mistress.
6. The life of a slave woman is not always happy.
7. Marcella and Terentia have baskets full of white roses.
8. The slave women are carrying beautiful garlands.
9. Terentia and (her) daughter often decorate the statues of goddesses.
10. Do the garlands please the goddesses? Yes, surely.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 4 Magistrula
Chapter 4 Magistrula