Chapter 40 Vocabulary
beneficium, beneficī, n., kindness, benefit, favor
circumdō, -āre, circumdedī, circumdātus, to encircle, surround cognōmen, cognōminis, n., surname cōnsūmō, -ere, cōnsūmpsī, cōnsumptus, to consume, destroy discēdō, -ere, discessī, discessūrus, to go way, depart excēdō, -ere, excessī, excessūrus, to go out famēs, famis, f., hunger, famine fortūna, -ae, f., fortune, lot honor, honōris, m., honor, esteem iam, already, now ignōtus, -a, -um, unknown, unnoticed immortālis, -e, immortal inopia, -ae, f., lack, scarcity ita, thus, so iuvenis, iuvenis, iuvenum, m., young man, youth |
laetē, joyfully
nēmō, no one obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessus, to besiege, blockade perficiō, -ere, perfēcī, perfectus, to accomplish, perform pertineō, -ēre, pertinuī, ---, to extend, pertain probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to prove, test, try out prōcēdō, -ere, prōcessī, prōcessūrus, to go before, advance, proceed prope, nearby, near quamquam, although scrība, -ae, m., secretary, scribe senātor, senātōris, m., senator superbē, proudly tālis, -e, such tolerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, to endure vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitus, to forbid, prohibit |
Chapter 40 Derivatives
beneficium: beneficial, beneficiary
cōnsūmere: consume, consumption excēdere: excessive, exceed, excess famēs: famine, famish fortūna: fortune, fortuitous, fortunate honor: honor, honoree, honorary, dishonor, honorific, honorable ignōtus: ignorant |
immortālis: immortal, immortality
iuvenis: juvenile obsidēre: obsess, obsession perficere: perfect, perfection pertinēre: pertinent, pertain probāre: probe, probate, probation, approve, probable prōcēdere: procession, proceed, process tolerāre: tolerate, tolerable, intolerable, tolerant, tolerance vetāre: veto |
DĒ C. MŪCIŌ I
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Fābulam lēgimus dē Horātiō, quī Etruscōs ā ponte prohibuit. Quamquam Lārs Porsena ita ab Horātiō pulsus erat, tamen ab urbe Rōmā nōn discessit. Longē lātēque castra eius in rīpīs Tiberis pertinēbant. Porsenae castra longius et lātius quam Rōma ipsa pertinēbant. Rēx Etrūscōrum, quod victus erat, īrātissimus erat. Itaque trāns flūmen Tiberim castra posuerat et Rōmam obsidēbat. Senātōrēs Rōmānī castra in omnēs partēs longissimē et lātissimē pertinentia vīdērunt. Itaque timōre magnopere mōtī sunt. Omnēs magnō in perīculō erant. Nēmō ex urbe excēdere poterat; nēmō in urbem prōcēdere poterat. Interim Romae erat maxima inopia frūmentī. Frūstrā senātōrēs auxilium ā deīs immortālibus petīvērunt. Famem mortemque miserrimē expsectābant. C. Mūcius erat nōbilis iuvenis magnā virtute. Ad senātōrēs, vīrōs maximā auctōritāte, fortiter vēnit et audācter dīxit. “Lārs Porsena, vir audācissimus,” inquit, “Rōmam iam diū obsidet. Diūtissimē cīvēs nostrōs perterruit. Diūtiusne eum tolerāre dēbēmus? Ego sōlus ad castra hostium celeriter prōcēdere volō. Nōn celerius quam ego sagitta ipsa volābit. Ego enim cīvis Rōmānus cīvēs Rōmānōs ab hōc perīculō et ab hīs hostibus celerrimē līberābō! Probātisne mea cōnsilia? Senātōrēs haec verba dīligenter cōgitantēs, ita respondērunt: “Bene dīxistī, C. Mucī! Nē senātor quidem melius dīxit. Nam Lārs Porsena, vir maximā audācia, male ēgit. Nūllī hostēs umquam peius ēgērunt. Lārs Porsena pessimē ēgit quod nostram urbem sine causā opppugnāvit. Sī tua cōnsilia optimē perfēceris, populō Rōmānō maximum beneficium dabis et ā populō Rōmānō semper laudēberis.” Nota Bene: The early Latin alphabet did not have the letter G, and C was used for the sound of both C and G. The initial letter that used to stand for Gāius was therefore written C, and even after G was adopted into the alphabet, C was still used to stand for Gāius. Hence the "C" of the title stands in this place for Gāio and should be so read. The C in the fourth paragraph stands for the vocative Gāi Lārs Porsena Romam iam diū obsidet, Lars Porsena has been besieging Rome for a long time. Observe that with iam diū, a present tense should often be translated into English by a present perfect Fābulam lēgimus dē Horātiō, quī Etruscōs ā ponte prohibuit. Quamquam Lārs Porsena ita ab Horātiō pulsus erat, tamen ab urbe Rōmā nōn discessit. Longē lātēque castra eius in rīpīs Tiberis pertinēbant. Porsenae castra longius et lātius quam Rōma ipsa pertinēbant. Rēx Etrūscōrum, quod victus erat, īrātissimus erat. Itaque trāns flūmen Tiberim castra posuerat et Rōmam obsidēbat. Senātōrēs Rōmānī castra in omnēs partēs longissimē et lātissimē pertinentia vīdērunt. Itaque timōre magnopere mōtī sunt. Omnēs magnō in perīculō erant. Nēmō ex urbe excēdere poterat; nēmō in urbem prōcēdere poterat. Interim Romae erat maxima inopia frūmentī. Frūstrā senātōrēs auxilium ā deīs immortālibus petīvērunt. Famem mortemque miserrimē expsectābant. C. Mūcius erat nōbilis iuvenis magnā virtute. Ad senātōrēs, vīrōs maximā auctōritāte, fortiter vēnit et audācter dīxit. “Lārs Porsena, vir audācissimus,” inquit, “Rōmam iam diū obsidet. Diūtissimē cīvēs nostrōs perterruit. Diūtiusne eum tolerāre dēbēmus? Ego sōlus ad castra hostium celeriter prōcēdere volō. Nōn celerius quam ego sagitta ipsa volābit. Ego enim cīvis Rōmānus cīvēs Rōmānōs ab hōc perīculō et ab hīs hostibus celerrimē līberābō! Probātisne mea cōnsilia?" Senātōrēs haec verba dīligenter cōgitantēs, ita respondērunt: “Bene dīxistī, C. Mucī! Nē senātor quidem melius dīxit. Nam Lārs Porsena, vir maximā audāciā, male ēgit. Nūllī hostēs umquam peius ēgērunt. Lārs Porsena pessimē ēgit quod nostram urbem sine causā opppugnāvit. Sī tua cōnsilia optimē perfēceris, populō Rōmānō maximum beneficium dabis et ā populō Rōmānō semper laudēberis.” Nota Bene: The early Latin alphabet did not have the letter G, and C was used for the sound of both C and G. The initial letter that used to stand for Gāius was therefore written C, and even after G was adopted into the alphabet, C was still used to stand for Gāius. Hence the "C" of the title stands in this place for Gāio and should be so read. The C in the fourth paragraph stands for the vocative Gāi Lārs Porsena Romam iam diū obsidet, Lars Porsena has been besieging Rome for a long time. Observe that with iam diū, a present tense should often be translated into English by a present perfect |
Translation Video |
DĒ C. MŪCIŌ I: Responde Latine
1. Pertinēbantne castra Porsenae longē lātēque?
2. Pertinēbatne Rōmā longius et lātius quam castra Porsenae?
3. Quid senātōrēs Rōmānī vīdērunt?
4. Ā quibus senātōrēs auxilium petīvērunt?
5. Quōmodo famem et mortem exspectābant?
6. Quālīs erat C Mūcius?
7. Quālēs erant senātōrēs?
8. Quōmodo dīxit Mūcius?
9. Quam diū Porsena cīvēs Rōmānās perterruit?
10. Quid agere vult Mūcius?
11. Quam celeriter prōcēdet Mūcius?
12. Ā quibus līberābuntur cīvēs Rōmānī?
13. Quam male ēgit Porsena?
14. Cūr Porsena pessimē ēgit?
2. Pertinēbatne Rōmā longius et lātius quam castra Porsenae?
3. Quid senātōrēs Rōmānī vīdērunt?
4. Ā quibus senātōrēs auxilium petīvērunt?
5. Quōmodo famem et mortem exspectābant?
6. Quālīs erat C Mūcius?
7. Quālēs erant senātōrēs?
8. Quōmodo dīxit Mūcius?
9. Quam diū Porsena cīvēs Rōmānās perterruit?
10. Quid agere vult Mūcius?
11. Quam celeriter prōcēdet Mūcius?
12. Ā quibus līberābuntur cīvēs Rōmānī?
13. Quam male ēgit Porsena?
14. Cūr Porsena pessimē ēgit?
DĒ C. MŪCIŌ I: Discussion
- In the sentence Longe lātēque castra eius in ripis Tiberis pertinēbant, how are the words longe and lātē used? If they are used to modify the verb pertinēbant, what part of speech are they? From what Latin adjectives are they formed? To what declension do these two adjectives belong? How are the adverbs made?
- In the sentence Ad senātörēs viros maximā auctoritāte fortiter vēnit, how is fortiter used? From what Latin adjective is it made? To what declension does this adjective belong? In the sentence Ego sõlus ad castra hostium celeriter procēdere volo, how is celeriter used? From what adjective is it made? To what declension does the adjective belong? Study these two adverbs fortiter and celeriter and state how they are made.
- In the sentence Senātörēs haec verba diligenter cogitantēs ita respondērunt, how is the adverb diligenter made?
- Adverbs may be made from adjectives of the first and second declension by adding "-ē" to the base of the positive degree of the adjective.
- Adverbs may be made from adjectives of the third declension by adding "-iter" to the base of the positive degree of the adjective.
- Adverbs may be made from adjectives of the third declension ending in "-ns" by adding "-er" to the base. Examples of these formations are: lātus, wide, base lāt-, adverb lātē; fortis, brave, base fort-, adverb fortiter; diligēns, careful, base diligent-, adverb diligenter.
- The adverb audācter, boldly, made on the base audāc- has lost the "i" of the suffix "-iter"; as, audāx-, base audac-, adverb audācter.
- In the sentence Bene dixisti C Mūci, what part of speech is bene? To what adjective does it correspond? In the sentence Nam Lārs Porsena male ēgit, what part of speech is male? To what adjective does it correspond? Some adverbs appear to be irregularly formed from the corresponding adjectives; as, bonus, adverb bene, and malus, adverb male (male, irregular because ending in "e" instead of "ē"); also, magnus, adverb magnopere.
- A few words used as adverbs are really the accusative neuter singular form of the corresponding adjective; as, facilis, easy, adverb facile; multus, much, many, adverb multum. Other words used as adverbs are the ablative neuter singular form of the adjective, as multo. Multum means to a great amount, extent or degree; multo means by a great amount, etc. Multo is used mainly with comparatives; as, multo magis, much, more; that is, more by a great amount.
- In the first and second paragraphs of the story De C Mūcio I, find the other degrees of the adverbs lātē and longē. In the third paragraph of the story, find the comparison of the adverb celeriter. In the last paragraph find all the degrees of the adverbs bene and male. List these comparisons and study the comparative degree of each. Are they all made alike? Does the form of the comparative look familiar? What does it resemble? The comparative degree of the adverb is the neuter, accusative, singular of the comparative degree of the corresponding adjective.
- Examine the forms of all the superlative adverbs listed. Are these forms similar? What does the superlative form of the adverb resemble? What change has been made? The superlative degree of the adverb may be made by adding "ē" to the base of the corresponding superlative adjective. This is true of all superlative adverbs (except plurimum), regular or irregular, for which a corresponding adjective exists.
- Some adverbs not made from adjectives are also compared; as, diū, diūtius, diūtissimē; saepe, saepius, saepissimē.
- Observe the relation of adverb to adjective, in the various degrees in the following table:
- The following list of irregular adverbs must be memorized:
- In the sentence Lars Porsena vir audācissimus Romam iam diū obsidet, what is the word that tells what kind of man Lars Porsena is? What part of speech is this word? In the sentence Nam Lārs Porsena vir maximā audāciā male ēgit, what phrase describes the word vir and takes the place of audācissimus? Of what is this phrase made? In what case are the two words? The phrase maximā audāciā and the adjective audācissimus both describe the word vir and have the same meaning.
- A phrase consisting of a noun and modifying adjective in the ablative may be used to describe another noun. An ablative so used is called an ablative of description. You will remember that we studied the genitive of description in Chapter XXXIV. Thus, either the ablative or the genitive may be used to describe a noun. The genitive must be used when the phrase denotes dimension or measure; as, pedum decem mūrus, a ten foot wall.
DĒ C. MŪCIŌ II
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases, How?, Agent)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone)
Locative Case (Location)
Latin Text
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Tum C. Mūcius gladiō armātus ad castra hostium laetissimē et celerrimē properāvit. Ibi mīlitibus Etrūscīs ignōtus ambulābat et omnia spectābat. Subitō in mediīs castrīs duōs virōs magnā auctōritāte in sellā sedentēs vīdit. Circum eōs plūrimī mīlitēs ācriter properābant. “Uter est Porsena? Poterōne perficere cōnsilia mea?” Itaque cōgitāns ad virōs audācissimē cucurrit et gladiō virum sibi proximum occīdit. Tum quam celerrimē fūgit. Iuvenis miser vērō scrībam, nōn rēgem, occīderat! Mīlitēs iuvenem captum ad rēgem trāxērunt. Rēx magnopere commōtus eum superbē rogāvit, “Cūr hoc malum perfēcistī? Sine causā scrībam meum occīdistī!” C. Mucius sine timōre etiam superbius respondit, “Rēgem, nōn scrībam humilem, occīdere voluī. Id autem perficere nōn potuī. Sed, Porsena, maximīs perīculīs et plūrimīs īnsidiīs semper circumdaberis. Multī enim iuvenēs Rōmānī tē occīdere cōnstituērunt.” Porsena maximē perterritus respondit, “Nisi mihi omnia cōnsilia Rōmānōrum statim nārrāveris, īgnī cōnsūmeris.” Mūcius respondit, “Cīvis Rōmānus multō magis honōrem suum quam vītam amat. Patria cīvī Rōmānō vītā multō est cārior. Cīvis Rōmānus mortem nōn timet.” Haec dīxit et posuit dextram in īgnī quī prope in ārā erat. Dextra īgnī cōnsūmpta est. Mūcius autem statuae simillimus sē nōn mōvit. Porsena virtūtem eius vidēns etiam plūs timōris habēbat, et magnā vōce clāmāvit, “Tū es fortis! Hostem tam fortem interficere nōn possum! Deī ipsī mortem tālis virī vetant!” Sīc C. Mūclius servatus est quod tam fortis fuit et quod patriam suam amāvit. Tum hōc beneficiō adductus, rēgī omnia cōnsilia iuvenum Rōmānōrum dīxit. “Sunt,” inquit, “trecentī nōbilēs iuvenēs quī tē occīdere constituērunt. Sī fortūna alium ab hōc factō prohibuerit, aliud id libenter temptābit. Tandem ūnus ex nōbīs cōnsilia perficiet. Sīc dēmum Rōma, nostra patria, līberābitur!” Tum Lārs Porsena hīs verbīs adductus virum fortissimum domum mīsit. Mox cum Rōmānīs pācem cōnfirmāvit. Omnibus suīs cōpiīs Rōmā discessit. Posteā populus Rōmānus propter magnam eius virtūtem Mūciō cognōmen Scaevolam dedit, et nōmen eius semper laudāvit. Nota Bene: Scaevola, means literally "left handed" Quam celerrimē, as quickly as possible. The highest possible degree of an adjective or adverb is expressed by quam and the superlative. The translation is in the form "as...as possible" Plūs timoris, more fear. Plūs is used as a noun and is followed by the genitive of the whole. Ūnus ex nobis, one of us. With numerals the ablative with ex or dē is commonly used instead of the genitive of the whole. Omnibus suis copiis, with all his forces. In military expressions such as this, the ablative of accompaniment is often used without cum. Tum C. Mūcius gladiō armātus ad castra hostium laetissimē et celerrimē properāvit. Ibi mīlitibus Etrūscīs ignōtus ambulābat et omnia spectābat. Subitō in mediīs castrīs duōs virōs magnā auctōritāte in sellā sedentēs vīdit. Circum eōs plūrimī mīlitēs ācriter properābant. “Uter est Porsena? Poterōne perficere cōnsilia mea?” Itaque cōgitāns ad virōs audācissimē cucurrit et gladiō virum sibi proximum occīdit. Tum quam celerrimē fūgit. Iuvenis miser vērō scrībam, nōn rēgem, occīderat! Mīlitēs iuvenem captum ad rēgem trāxērunt. Rēx magnopere commōtus eum superbē rogāvit, “Cūr hoc malum perfēcistī? Sine causā scrībam meum occīdistī!” C. Mucius sine timōre etiam superbius respondit, “Rēgem, nōn scrībam humilem, occīdere voluī. Id autem perficere nōn potuī. Sed, Porsena, maximīs perīculīs et plūrimīs īnsidiīs semper circumdaberis. Multī enim iuvenēs Rōmānī tē occīdere cōnstituērunt.” Porsena maximē perterritus respondit, “Nisi mihi omnia cōnsilia Rōmānōrum statim nārrāveris, īgnī cōnsūmeris.” Mūcius respondit, “Cīvis Rōmānus multō magis honōrem suum quam vītam amat. Patria cīvī Rōmānō vītā multō est cārior. Cīvis Rōmānus mortem nōn timet.” Haec dīxit et posuit dextram in īgnī quī prope in ārā erat. Dextra īgnī cōnsūmpta est. Mūcius autem statuae simillimus sē nōn mōvit. Porsena virtūtem eius vidēns etiam plūs timōris habēbat, et magnā vōce clāmāvit, “Tū es fortis! Hostem tam fortem interficere nōn possum! Deī ipsī mortem tālis virī vetant!” Sīc C. Mūclius servatus est quod tam fortis fuit et quod patriam suam amāvit. Tum hōc beneficiō adductus, rēgī omnia cōnsilia iuvenum Rōmānōrum dīxit. “Sunt,” inquit, “trecentī nōbilēs iuvenēs quī tē occīdere constituērunt. Sī fortūna alium ab hōc factō prohibuerit, aliud id libenter temptābit. Tandem ūnus ex nōbīs cōnsilia perficiet. Sīc dēmum Rōma, nostra patria, līberābitur!” Tum Lārs Porsena hīs verbīs adductus virum fortissimum domum mīsit. Mox cum Rōmānīs pācem cōnfirmāvit. Omnibus suīs cōpiīs Rōmā discessit. Posteā populus Rōmānus propter magnam eius virtūtem Mūciō cognōmen Scaevolam dedit, et nōmen eius semper laudāvit. Nota Bene: Scaevola, means literally "left handed" Quam celerrimē, as quickly as possible. The highest possible degree of an adjective or adverb is expressed by quam and the superlative. The translation is in the form "as...as possible" Plūs timoris, more fear. Plūs is used as a noun and is followed by the genitive of the whole. Ūnus ex nobis, one of us. With numerals the ablative with ex or dē is commonly used instead of the genitive of the whole. Omnibus suis copiis, with all his forces. In military expressions such as this, the ablative of accompaniment is often used without cum. |
Translation Video |
Chapter 40 Grammar Notes
Adverbs: Positive, Comparative, Superlative
Just as a quick refresher, remember that ADVERBS are words that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, as opposed to adjectives, which modify nouns (ex. "She is happy" (adjective) vs. "She walks happily"(adverb)). This makes adverbs very flexible and common in both English and Latin! But how do we form them? There are three "degrees" of adverbs, which are similar to degrees of adjectives.
Positive Adverbs
Adverbs can be formed from either 1st/2nd Declension or 3rd Declension adjectives. For Adverbs that come from 1st/2nd Declension adjectives, simply take the base of the adjective (remove the -us, -a, -um ending) and adding "-ē":
*Note, though, that the adjectives "bonus, -a, -um" and "malus, -a ,-um" will use a short "-e" ending!
For Adverbs that come from 3rd Declension adjectives, simply take the base of the adjective (remove the -us, -a, -um ending) and adding "-(i)ter" or "-er" for bases that end in "-nt":
For Adverbs that come from 3rd Declension adjectives, simply take the base of the adjective (remove the -us, -a, -um ending) and adding "-(i)ter" or "-er" for bases that end in "-nt":
Note: the 3rd Declension Adjective "facilis, -is, -e" does NOT follow this pattern. Instead, the Positive Adverb form is "facile"!
Comparative and Superlative Adverbs
Just like Adjectives, Adverbs also have comparative and superlative forms. Here is how we create Comparative and Superlative Adverbs:
- To form the Comparative Adverb, use the ending "-ius" (the neuter singular comparative adjective ending)
- To form the Superlative Adverb, use the ending "-ē"
Note, there are a few forms that are slightly different in the Positive form:
Some adverbs have irregular endings and you need to memorize their forms!
A few quick notes...
There are a few different ways to translate the Comparative Adverb. For example, "laetius" can mean either "more happily, rather happily," or "too happily." Use whichever translation fits the context of the sentence best!
When used in the sense of "more _____", the Comparative Adverb can be used in comparisons with either "quam" or the Ablative of Comparison:
When used in the sense of "more _____", the Comparative Adverb can be used in comparisons with either "quam" or the Ablative of Comparison:
Eucleides lentius quam pueri ambulat. Eucleides walks more slowly than the boys.
Eucleides lentius pueris ambulat. Eucleides walks more slowly than the boys.
Eucleides lentius pueris ambulat. Eucleides walks more slowly than the boys.
The Comparative Adverb can also be used with the Ablative of Degree of Difference:
Eucleides multo lentius quam pueri ambulat. Eucleides walks much more slowly than the boys.
Eucleides multo lentius pueris ambulat. Eucleides walks much more slowly than the boys.
Eucleides multo lentius pueris ambulat. Eucleides walks much more slowly than the boys.
The Superlative Adverb also has a few different meanings. For example, "laetissime" can mean "most happily" or "very happily." Again, use the translation that best fits the context of the sentence.
When used in the sense of "most ________", the Superlative Adverb is often followed by a Partitive Genitive:
When used in the sense of "most ________", the Superlative Adverb is often followed by a Partitive Genitive:
Davus lentissime omnium ambulat. Davus walks most slowly of all.
Ablative of Description
In this chapter, we were introduced to another use of the Ablative Case known as the "Ablative of Description." This is when we use the Ablative Case noun and an adjective with it to describe someone or something. Take a look at the Latin Tutorial video below to see how it works!
Chapter 40 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Follow the instructions for each activity below. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
I. Compare the Latin adjectives for the following, giving all the genders for each degree: cruel, difficult, safe, light, suitable, quick, beautiful, good, skilled, large, bold, wide.
II. Compare the Latin adverbs for the following: swiftly, firmly, boldly, badly, easily, beautifully, diligently, greatly, often, a little, near, bravely.
III. Express in Latin the following phrases: very light feathers (acc); a very long sword (abl); swiftest horses (nom); a rather haughty young man (gen); too brave a man (acc); more famous stories (gen); most diligent guard (dat); rather suitable places (nom); easier routes (nom); very cruel deeds (abl).
IV. Express in Latin the italicized words or phrases:
1. We were freed from the greatest danger.
2. He worked as well as possible.
3. Horatius was a soldier of great boldness.
4. The bridge was a few feet higher than the banks of the river.
5. Was the deed of Horatius more famous than the deed of Mucius?
6. The plans of Mucius had not been carried out easily.
II. Compare the Latin adverbs for the following: swiftly, firmly, boldly, badly, easily, beautifully, diligently, greatly, often, a little, near, bravely.
III. Express in Latin the following phrases: very light feathers (acc); a very long sword (abl); swiftest horses (nom); a rather haughty young man (gen); too brave a man (acc); more famous stories (gen); most diligent guard (dat); rather suitable places (nom); easier routes (nom); very cruel deeds (abl).
IV. Express in Latin the italicized words or phrases:
1. We were freed from the greatest danger.
2. He worked as well as possible.
3. Horatius was a soldier of great boldness.
4. The bridge was a few feet higher than the banks of the river.
5. Was the deed of Horatius more famous than the deed of Mucius?
6. The plans of Mucius had not been carried out easily.
Grammar Exercise 2
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. No one had been able to go out from Rome because Lars Porsena was besieging it.
2. If the very cruel king does not withdraw (will not have withdrawn), famine will very quickly destroy the inhabitants of the city.
3. The senators have joyfully approved the plans of Mucius.
4. Will he be able to accomplish his plans and to free his country (which is) surrounded by such dangers?
5. A greater benefit than this cannot be bestowed upon (given to) the Roman people.
6. I shall go out boldly from the fortifications and I shall proceed to the enemy's camp, which extends far on the banks of the river.
7. Although he observes all the men as carefully as possible, the king is still unknown to him.
8. He wished to kill the king but fortune prevented him; he killed the secretary.
9. The immortal gods forbade the death of the youth whom the haughty king had not been able to terrify.
10. The Roman people gave the surname "Scaevola" to him because they wished thus to give him great honor.
2. If the very cruel king does not withdraw (will not have withdrawn), famine will very quickly destroy the inhabitants of the city.
3. The senators have joyfully approved the plans of Mucius.
4. Will he be able to accomplish his plans and to free his country (which is) surrounded by such dangers?
5. A greater benefit than this cannot be bestowed upon (given to) the Roman people.
6. I shall go out boldly from the fortifications and I shall proceed to the enemy's camp, which extends far on the banks of the river.
7. Although he observes all the men as carefully as possible, the king is still unknown to him.
8. He wished to kill the king but fortune prevented him; he killed the secretary.
9. The immortal gods forbade the death of the youth whom the haughty king had not been able to terrify.
10. The Roman people gave the surname "Scaevola" to him because they wished thus to give him great honor.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 40 Comparison of Adverbs Forms Practice
Chapter 40 Comparison of Adverbs Sentence Translation
Chapter 40 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 40 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 40 Noun Ending Chart (All)
Chapter 40 Comparison of Adverbs Forms Practice
Chapter 40 Comparison of Adverbs Sentence Translation
Chapter 40 Sentence Translation (Everything So Far)
Chapter 40 Verb Conjugation Practice (All Tenses -- Active and Passive Voice)
Chapter 40 Noun Ending Chart (All)