Chapter 5 Vocabulary
amphora, jar
cūrat, he/she/it cares for dat, he/she/it gives dēmōnstrat, he/she/it points out, shows dēsīderat, he/she/it longs for, desires, wants fābula, story hodiē, today interdum, sometimes intrat, he/she/it enters, goes into itaque, and so, therefore laudat, he/she/it praises |
lūna, moon
nārrat, he/she/it tells pecūniā, money, wealth rubra, red spectat, he/she/it looks at, watches taberna, shop tum, then via, street, road, way videt, he/she/it sees vocat, he/she/it calls, summons |
Chapter 5 Derivatives
cūrat, cure, curate, curator, curable, pedicure, manicure, accurate, procure
dēmōnstrat, demonstrate, demonstrative, demonstration fābula, fable, fabulous laudat, laud, laudatory, applaud lūna, lunar, lunatic, lunacy |
nārrat, narrate, narrator, narrative, narration
rubra, ruby spectat, spectate, spectacle, spectator, expect, inspect taberna, tavern videt, vision, visor, vista, visage, visible, supervise, evidence, evident, revise, advise, visual, video vocat, vocation, convocation, vocabulary, invoke, revoke, advocate, provoke |
GALBAE TABERNA
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will change throughout the year, but it will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Latin Text
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Galba magnam tabernam habet. Taberna est plēna statuārum et amphorārum. Taberna fēminās Rōmānās dēlectat. Hodiē Tullia Claudia Camilla tabernam Galbae intrant. Galba fēminās videt. Quid Tulliae dēmōnstrat? Tulliae parvam statuam dēmōnstrat, sed Tullia statuam nōn dēsīderat. Galba Claudiae statuam dēmōnstrat. Claudia statuam spectat et dēsīderat. Itaque fēmina Galbae pecūniam dat. Camilla quoque statuam deae dēsīderat. Galba Camillae rubram Diānae statuam dēmōnstrat. Statua Camillam dēlectat. Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat. Tum Galba fēminīs Rōmānīs amphoram dēmōnstrat; amphora pulchra fēminās dēlectat. Tullia fīliās vocat. Tum Galba fīliābus Tulliae amphoram dēmōnstrat. Amphora puellās quoque dēlectat. Cornēlia et Secunda tabernam Galbae amant. Interdum Galba fīliābus Tulliae parvam statuam dat. Galba puellīs fābulās saepe nārrat. Cornēlia et Secunda fābulās amant. Itaque fēminae et puellae tabernam Galbae saepe intrant. Galba magnam tabernam habet. Taberna est plēna statuārum et amphorārum. Taberna fēminās Rōmānās dēlectat. Hodiē Tullia Claudia Camilla tabernam Galbae intrant. Galba fēminās videt. Quid Tulliae dēmōnstrat? Tulliae parvam statuam dēmōnstrat, sed Tullia statuam nōn dēsīderat. Galba Claudiae statuam dēmōnstrat. Claudia statuam spectat et dēsīderat. Itaque fēmina Galbae pecūniam dat. Camilla quoque statuam deae dēsīderat. Galba Camillae rubram Diānae statuam dēmōnstrat. Statua Camillam dēlectat. Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat. Tum Galba fēminīs Rōmānīs amphoram dēmōnstrat; amphora pulchra fēminās dēlectat. Tullia fīliās vocat. Tum Galba fīliābus Tulliae amphoram dēmōnstrat. Amphora puellās quoque dēlectat. Cornēlia et Secunda tabernam Galbae amant. Interdum Galba fīliābus Tulliae parvam statuam dat. Galba puellīs fābulās saepe nārrat. Cornēlia et Secunda fābulās amant. Itaque fēminae et puellae tabernam Galbae saepe intrant. |
Translation Video |
GALBAE TABERNA: Discussion
- In the sentence Galba Tulliae parvam statuam dēmonstrat which word indicates to whom Galba shows the statue? In the sentence Fēmina Galbae pecuniam dat which word indicates to whom the woman gives the money?
- The word Tulliae tells to whom the statue is shown. The word Galbae tells to whom the money is given. The word in a sentence which shows to whom something is given shown or told is called the indirect object of the verb. Such a word is in the dative case
- How does each of these words end? Is Tulliae singular or plural? Observe that the word naming the indirect object ends in "-ae" the ending of the dative in the singular
- Observe that the dative ending shown in Tulliae is the same as the genitive ending. Perhaps you wonder how the Romans knew which case was meant. Remember, however, that Latin was a spoken language as well as a written language and that when a form could be interpreted in two ways the hearer could usually tell what was meant from the inflection of the voice and from the rest of the sentence. You probably do not realize how often you use forms in English that could be interpreted in more than one way. If you hear a sentence beginning "The boys..." you may find that these words turn out to be:
- Nominative plural, as in The boys came home
- or Genitive plural as in The boys game was spoiled
- or Genitive singular as in The boy's dog is lost
- or a contraction for The boy is as in The boy's a runner
- or a contraction for The boy has as in The boy's gone
- Even if you see the words The boy's written or printed you cannot tell which of the last three forms is meant. But you are not confused by the uncertainty the rest of the sentence makes the meaning clear. So also in a Latin sentence.
- There are two ways in English of expressing the idea contained in the dative case. It may be expressed by using a phrase beginning with "to" or "to" may not be used at all; as, Galba shows the statue to Tullia or Galba shows Tullia the statue. In Latin the indirect object usually precedes the direct object.
- In the sentence Tum Galba fēminis Romānis amphoram dēmonstrat, to whom does Galba show the jar? How is fēminis used? Is this word singular or plural? What ending does it have? The dative plural of nouns in the first declension ends in is. What other nouns in the story are in the dative plural? With what verbs are they used? What is the dative plural of fīlia? Filiābus is an exceptional form and is used to distinguish the dative plural of fīlia from fīliīs, the dative plural of the word for son. Dea also has the ending "-ābus" for the dative plural.
- Dative singular, puellae
- Dative plural, puellīs
GALBAE TABERNA: Responde Latine
1. Quid Galba habet?
2. Cui Galba parvam statuam dēmonstrat? *cui = to whom? to what? 3. Num dēsīderat Tullia statuam? 4. Cui fēmina pecūniam dat? 5. Cui Galba statuam Diānae dēmonstrat? 6. Nõnne Camilla Galbae pecuniam dat? |
7. Quid Galba fēminīs dēmonstrat?
8. Quās Tullia vocat? 9. Dēmonstratne Galba filiābus Tulliae amphoram? 10. Quibus Galba parvam statuam dat? *quibus = to whom? to what? (plural form) 11. Quibus Galba fābulās nārrat? |
Reading Lesson: Diana
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects)
Latin Text
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Camilla filiābus rubram Diānae statuam dēmonstrat. Puellae statuam spectant; tum Camilla filiābus fābulam nārrat: "Diāna est dea silvārum et lūnae. Et agricolae et nautae Diānam laudant. Agricolae Diānae corōnās saepe dant quod dea silvās cūrat. Diāna, dea lūnae, nautās dēlectat quod lūna nautīs viam dēmōnstrat. Itaque nautae quoque deae corōnās dant." Fīliae Camillae fābulam amant. Quod lūna et silvae fīliās dēlectant, puellae deam laudant et statuam deae ōrnant. Camilla filiābus rubram Diānae statuam dēmonstrat. Puellae statuam spectant; tum Camilla filiābus fābulam nārrat: "Diāna est dea silvārum et lūnae. Et agricolae et nautae Diānam laudant. Agricolae Diānae corōnās saepe dant quod dea silvās cūrat. Diāna, dea lūnae, nautās dēlectat quod lūna nautīs viam dēmōnstrat. Itaque nautae quoque deae corōnās dant." Fīliae Camillae fābulam amant. Quod lūna et silvae fīliās dēlectant, puellae deam laudant et statuam deae ōrnant. |
Translation Video |
Grammar Notes
Dative Case, 1st Declension
In this chapter, we are going to explore the uses of the Dative Case. We've actually already seen it several times, though, so it shouldn't be too hard to master. Take a look at the following lines:
Galba Camillae rubram Diānae statuam dēmōnstrat.
Galba shows the red statue of Diana to Camilla.
Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat.
Camilla gives money to Galba.
Tum Galbā fēminīs Rōmānīs amphoram dēmōnstrat.
Then Galba shows the amphora to the Roman women.
Galba shows the red statue of Diana to Camilla.
Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat.
Camilla gives money to Galba.
Tum Galbā fēminīs Rōmānīs amphoram dēmōnstrat.
Then Galba shows the amphora to the Roman women.
As you can tell by the examples above, we are translating the noun in the Dative Case with the English word "to", which along with "for" is the most common way to understand the Dative Case. More specifically, in each of the examples above the Dative Case noun is functioning as the "Indirect Object" of the sentence. but what exactly does that mean? Well let's think about the Dative Case in comparison to the Accusative Case.
The Accusative Case often expresses the "Direct Object" of the sentence, meaning the person or thing that receives the action of the verb or is being directly affected by the verb. For example, if I were to say "The girl climbs the tree," the "tree" is the thing the girl is climbing. Remember, the direct object often answers the question "whom?" or "what?" In our sentence, we could say "the girl climbs what?" The answer is the direct object: the tree.
The Dative Case often expresses the "Indirect Object" of the sentence, meaning the person or thing that receives the action of the verb indirectly. In other words, the indirect object isn't receiving the main action of the sentence. For example, we could say "The boy gave the dog to the girl." In this example, who/what is the boy giving? The answer is the direct object: the dog. So the main idea of the sentence (the boy giving something) does NOT directly involve "the girl." Rather, the girl is a secondary part of the sentence, in that the girl is the person "to whom" the boy is giving the dog. So the girl is being affected "indirectly." The Dative Case is often used with verbs of giving, showing, and telling. We most often translate Dative Indirect Objects with the English prepositions "to/for."
*Nota bene: We don't always use "to/for" explicitly in English. Oftentimes it is implied:
I gave my sister money.
In this example, the Direct Object is "money", since it's the thing I am giving. Notice though that the indirect object is "my sister". Even though it's not written out, the implied phrase her is "I gave money to my sister."
The Accusative Case often expresses the "Direct Object" of the sentence, meaning the person or thing that receives the action of the verb or is being directly affected by the verb. For example, if I were to say "The girl climbs the tree," the "tree" is the thing the girl is climbing. Remember, the direct object often answers the question "whom?" or "what?" In our sentence, we could say "the girl climbs what?" The answer is the direct object: the tree.
The Dative Case often expresses the "Indirect Object" of the sentence, meaning the person or thing that receives the action of the verb indirectly. In other words, the indirect object isn't receiving the main action of the sentence. For example, we could say "The boy gave the dog to the girl." In this example, who/what is the boy giving? The answer is the direct object: the dog. So the main idea of the sentence (the boy giving something) does NOT directly involve "the girl." Rather, the girl is a secondary part of the sentence, in that the girl is the person "to whom" the boy is giving the dog. So the girl is being affected "indirectly." The Dative Case is often used with verbs of giving, showing, and telling. We most often translate Dative Indirect Objects with the English prepositions "to/for."
*Nota bene: We don't always use "to/for" explicitly in English. Oftentimes it is implied:
I gave my sister money.
In this example, the Direct Object is "money", since it's the thing I am giving. Notice though that the indirect object is "my sister". Even though it's not written out, the implied phrase her is "I gave money to my sister."
Dative, Nominative or Genitive: How Can You Tell?
You may have noticed that we now have a lot of overlap with the ending "-ae". Like we spoke about in our discussion, this is all based on CONTEXT. We need to look at the entire sentence and think about what the most logical choice is! We need to consider a few things:
- is the noun singular or plural?
- do we have a verb of giving, showing, or telling?
- are we trying to show possession?
Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat.
Camilla gives money to Galba.
Camilla gives money to Galba.
Is "Galbae" Nominative? If it were, it would be plural. Are there two Galbas? Nope! So it doesn't make sense to be Nominative. Also, if it were Nominative, that would mean we have a plural subject and would need a plural verb. Is "dat" plural? Nope! So Nominative case doesn't work!
What about Genitive? If it were Genitive, we would be saying "of Galba". Does the phrase "The Camilla of Galba" make any sense? Nope! Even if you tried to have Galba going with "pecuniam," does it make sense to say "Camilla gives the money of Galba"? Sort of, but it's still not the best translation.
When we take "Galbae" as Dative case, it all makes sense. "Camilla gives money to Galba." We have a verb of giving and we now have both the direct object (the thing she gives), "pecunia", and the indirect object (the person she gave money to), "Galbae."
With a little context and analysis, we find our correct answer! So even though there is an overlap with these endings, don't worry too much about it! The key is practice!
What about Genitive? If it were Genitive, we would be saying "of Galba". Does the phrase "The Camilla of Galba" make any sense? Nope! Even if you tried to have Galba going with "pecuniam," does it make sense to say "Camilla gives the money of Galba"? Sort of, but it's still not the best translation.
When we take "Galbae" as Dative case, it all makes sense. "Camilla gives money to Galba." We have a verb of giving and we now have both the direct object (the thing she gives), "pecunia", and the indirect object (the person she gave money to), "Galbae."
With a little context and analysis, we find our correct answer! So even though there is an overlap with these endings, don't worry too much about it! The key is practice!
Noun Endings So Far...
Here is our most up-to-date noun ending chart for your notes!
Key Points
- Dative case is used as the "indirect object"
- We translate Dative case as "to/for" in English
- It's often used with verbs of giving, showing, telling
- Dative singular, "-ae"
- Dative plural, "-īs"
- The "-ae" ending can be either Nominative Plural, Genitive Singular, or Dative Singular. We can tell by the context!
Chapter 5 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Interdum domina Rōmāna fīlī___ fābulās longās nārrat.
2. Puellae femin___ (pl) amphorās dant. 3. Ancillae Cornēlī___ et Secund___ rosās dēmōnstrant. 4. Ancillae rōs___ (pl) aquam saepe dant. 5. Claudia de___ (pl) corōnās dat. 6. Hodiē Galbā puell___ bōn___ (sing) fābulam nārrat. 7. Ancilla domīn___ (sing) casam dēmōnstrat. 8. Domina ancill___ (sing) pecūniam dat. |
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Grammar Exercise 2: Write in Latin
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Camilla's story pleases her daughters.
2. The girls praise Diana and decorate the new statue.
3. Farmers praise Diana because she cares for the woods.
4. Sailors praise the goddess of the moon because the moon points out their way.
5. Today Tullia and her daughters go into Galba's shop.
6. Tullia looks at jars but the girls look at statues of Diana.
7. Cornelia and Secunda want a red statue and so they call Tullia.
8. The girls show the statue to Tullia.
9. Then Tullia gives Galba money and Galba gives the statue to the girls.
10. Galba sometimes tells stories to Tullia's daughters.
2. The girls praise Diana and decorate the new statue.
3. Farmers praise Diana because she cares for the woods.
4. Sailors praise the goddess of the moon because the moon points out their way.
5. Today Tullia and her daughters go into Galba's shop.
6. Tullia looks at jars but the girls look at statues of Diana.
7. Cornelia and Secunda want a red statue and so they call Tullia.
8. The girls show the statue to Tullia.
9. Then Tullia gives Galba money and Galba gives the statue to the girls.
10. Galba sometimes tells stories to Tullia's daughters.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 5 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 5 Noun Ending Chart Practice
Chapter 5 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 5 Noun Ending Chart Practice