Chapter 7 Vocabulary
ā/ab (+abl.), from, away from
cēna, dinner clāra, bright, famous cum (+abl.), with dēfessa, tired, exhausted ex/ē (+abl.), out of habitat, he/she/it lives, dwells in (+abl.), in, on iterum, again, a second time nāvicula, little boat, skiff nāvigat, he/she/it sails |
noctū, at night
nunc, now ōra, coast, shore parat, he/she/it prepares pictūra, picture poēta, poet properat, he/she/it hastens, hurries stēlla, star tandem, finally, at last ubi, where unde, whence, from where |
Note that in silvā means in the forest; in õrā, on the shore. The expression in aquā means on the water, as you can tell from the context; but in a different context it could mean in the water. You will usually find the preposition ā written ab before words beginning with a vowel or h; ex you will sometimes find written ē before a consonant. A safe rule is to write ā before a consonant, ab before a vowel or h and ex always.
Chapter 7 Derivatives
clāra, Claire, declare, clarity, declaration
habitat, habitate, habitat, cohabitation, inhabit, habitable, inhabitant iterum, reiterate, iteration |
nāvigat, navigate, navigator, navigation, circumnavigate, navigable
noctū, nocturnal, equinox parat, apparatus, prepare, preparation, repair stella, stellar, interstellar, constellation |
LAECA POĒTA I
Try hitting the "Highlighted Story" tab. This will change throughout the year, but it will highlight the noun cases we've learned in different colors. Use this key to help you translate the chapter story!
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Latin Text
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Laeca poēta vīllam pulchram in Italiā habet. In vīllā Laeca cum fīliā luliā habitat. Aqua est proxima vīllae. In aquā poēta nāviculam rubram habet. Poēta ex vīllā saepe properat. Nunc in naviculā est. Tum ab ōrā poēta nāvigat. Silvae quoque sunt proximae vīllae. In silvīs Laeca saepe ambulat. Poētae silvās et aquam maximē amant quod in silvīs et in aquā multās et pulchrās pictūrās poētae vident. Poētae ā silvīs et ab aquā properant et fābulās nārrant. Iūlia in vīllā labōrat. Fēminae et puellae Rōmānae in vīllīs saepe labōrant. Noctū Iūlia ex vīllā properat. Tum Iūlia cum Laecā in silvīs ambulat. Interdum poēta et fīlia ex silvīs properant et in ōrā stant. Laeca et Iūlia stēllās et lūnam spectant. Tandem Laeca et Iūlia ab ōrā ambulant et in vīllā iterum sunt. Laeca poēta vīllam pulchram in Italiā habet. In vīllā Laeca cum fīliā luliā habitat. Aqua est proxima vīllae. In aquā poēta nāviculam rubram habet. Poēta ex vīllā saepe properat. Nunc in naviculā est. Tum ab ōrā poēta nāvigat. Silvae quoque sunt proximae vīllae. In silvīs Laeca saepe ambulat. Poētae silvās et aquam maximē amant quod in silvīs et in aquā multās et pulchrās pictūrās poētae vident. Poētae ā silvīs et ab aquā properant et fābulās nārrant. Iūlia in vīllā labōrat. Fēminae et puellae Rōmānae in vīllīs saepe labōrant. Noctū Iūlia ex vīllā properat. Tum Iūlia cum Laecā in silvīs ambulat. Interdum poēta et fīlia ex silvīs properant et in ōrā stant. Laeca et Iūlia stēllās et lūnam spectant. Tandem Laeca et Iūlia ab ōrā ambulant et in vīllā iterum sunt. |
Translation Video |
LAECA POĒTA I: Discussion
- In the sentence Laeca villam pulchram in Italiā habet, what words tell us where the villa is? In the sentence In villā Laeca cum Iūlià habitat, what words tell where Laeca lives? Of what do these phrases consist? What is the ending of each noun in the phrases? Do the nouns refer to one thing or to more than one? Place in which may be expressed by the preposition "in" and a noun with the ending "-ā."
- In the sentence Poēta ex villā saepe properat, what words tell out of what place the poet hurries? Of what does this phrase consist? What is the ending of the noun in this phrase? Place out of which may be expressed by the preposition "ex" and a noun ending in "-ā."
- In the sentence Tum poēta ab õrā nāvigat, what words tell from what place the poet sails? What preposition is used? Place from which may be expressed by the preposition "ab" and a noun ending in "-ā." The prepositions "in," meaning in or on, "ab," meaning from, and "ex," meaning out of, are used with nouns having the ending "-ā." The "-ā" is the ending of the ablative case singular and this case is used here to show place in which, place out of which, and place from which. The phrases with "in" and the ablative case answer the question where? The Latin word for where is ubi. The phrases with "ex" and the ablative and "ab" and the ablative answer the question whence? or where from? or from what place? The Latin word for whence is unde.
- In the sentence In silvis Laeca saepe ambulat, what phrase shows where Laeca often walks? In the sentence Poētae ā silvis properant, what phrase tells from what place the poets hasten? In the sentence Interdum poēta et filia ex silvis properant, what phrase tells out of what place the poet and his daughter hasten? How do the nouns in these phrases differ in form from the nouns in the previous phrases? How do they differ in meaning? The ending of the ablative singular in the first declension is "-ā"; the ending in the plural is "-īs."
- In the sentence Tum Iūlia cum Laecā in silvis ambulat, what phrase shows with whom Julia walks? The preposition "cum" governs the ablative case and shows accompaniment.
- Dea and filia however have the ablative ending "-ābus" in the plural just like the dative
- Ablative singular puellā
- Ablative plural puellīs
LAECA POĒTA I: Responde Latine
1. Ubi Laeca villam habet? *Ubi = where?
2. Ubi poēta cum Iūliā habitat? 3. Estne aqua proxima vīllae? 4. Ubi est nāvicula poētae? 5. Unde poēta saepe properat? *Unde = from where? 6. Ubi poēta est? 7. Unde poēta nāvigat? 8. Nõnne sunt silvae proximae villae? |
9. Quid poētae in silvīs et in aquā vident?
10. Unde poētae properant? 11. Ubi Iūlia labõrat? 12. Unde Iūlia noctū properat? 13. Ubi Iūlia cum Laecā ambulat? 14. Unde poēta et filia properant? 15. Quõcum poēta ambulat? *Quõcum = with whom? |
Reading Lesson: SERVAE CLAUDIAE
Nominative Case (Subjects)
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Genitive Case (Possession)
Dative Case (Indirect Objects)
Accusative Case (Direct Objects/Prepositional Phrases)
Ablative Case (Prepositional Phrases)
Vocative Case (Directly Addressing Someone
Latin Text
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Claudia est domina multārum servārum. Servae Claudiae in terrā et in vīllā cotīdiē labōrant. Claudia servīs cāra est quod est domina benigna. Servae cēnam parant et vīllam ōrnant. Sed servae Claudiae nōn semper labōrant. Noctū servae ē cāsīs properant et in ōrā et in silvīs ambulant. Lūna clāra et stēllae pulchrae servīs dēfessīs sunt grātae. Tandem Claudia servās vocat. Tum ex silvīs et ab ōrā servae properant. Claudia est domina multārum servārum. Servae Claudiae in terrā et in vīllā cotīdiē labōrant. Claudia servīs cāra est quod est domina benigna. Servae cēnam parant et vīllam ōrnant. Sed servae Claudiae nōn semper labōrant. Noctū servae ē cāsīs properant et in ōrā et in silvīs ambulant. Lūna clāra et stēllae pulchrae servīs dēfessīs sunt grātae. Tandem Claudia servās vocat. Tum ex silvīs et ab ōrā servae properant. |
Translation Video |
Grammar Notes
The Ablative Case
Now that we're diving deeper into the idea of noun and verb endings, we are going to start filling in our Noun ending chart. To do this, we are going to add another case-- the Ablative Case.
So what is this case used for? For right now, we are only focusing on one specific use of the Ablative, since it's a pretty complicated case. The only way we are going to use it in this chapter is with prepositional phrases, which I'll explain below. For now, just memorize these Ablative endings for each of the Declensions!
Pay close attention-- the Ablative case involves some long vowels. This is why the macrons are so important! Look at the 1st Declension. There is a big difference between a short "a" (Nominative Singular) and a long "ā" (Ablative Singular)! Always be sure to memorize the endings carefully.
So what is this case used for? For right now, we are only focusing on one specific use of the Ablative, since it's a pretty complicated case. The only way we are going to use it in this chapter is with prepositional phrases, which I'll explain below. For now, just memorize these Ablative endings for each of the Declensions!
Pay close attention-- the Ablative case involves some long vowels. This is why the macrons are so important! Look at the 1st Declension. There is a big difference between a short "a" (Nominative Singular) and a long "ā" (Ablative Singular)! Always be sure to memorize the endings carefully.
Prepositional Phrases: Accusative or Ablative Case?
The main grammar topic of this chapter is prepositional phrases. To start, we need to understand what these are in English before we start creating and translating them in Latin.
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a preposition (a word showing position/location in relation to something else -- ex. "on, in, under, beside, into, out of, near, etc.) and a noun. In English, we don't change any spelling of our words in a prepositional phrase. We simple say "on the tree," "under the tree," "in the tree," "beside the tree," and so on. In each phrase, the word "the tree" is spelled the same way. In Latin, this is not the case!
In Latin, the noun in our prepositional phrase has to be either in the Ablative or Accusative case. The Case we use all depends on what we are trying to say! To help you understand this, I want you to think of a house (I also use this example in my YouTube video). Any prepositional phrase showing motion toward the house will be in the ACCUSATIVE Case! For example:
Think back to our house-- what if we are standing inside it, instead of going into it? In Latin, we express position/location with the ABLATIVE Case! For example:
Go back to the house one more time-- we covered going INTO a house and being INSIDE the house, but what if we are going OUT OF that house? Any prepositional phrase showing motion out of/away from the house will be in the ABLATIVE Case! For example:
Here's a screenshot from my YouTube video to visualize the house diagram:
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a preposition (a word showing position/location in relation to something else -- ex. "on, in, under, beside, into, out of, near, etc.) and a noun. In English, we don't change any spelling of our words in a prepositional phrase. We simple say "on the tree," "under the tree," "in the tree," "beside the tree," and so on. In each phrase, the word "the tree" is spelled the same way. In Latin, this is not the case!
In Latin, the noun in our prepositional phrase has to be either in the Ablative or Accusative case. The Case we use all depends on what we are trying to say! To help you understand this, I want you to think of a house (I also use this example in my YouTube video). Any prepositional phrase showing motion toward the house will be in the ACCUSATIVE Case! For example:
- ad villam (toward the house)
- ad ianuam (toward the door)
- ad agros (toward the fields)
- in villam (into the house)
- in arborem (into the tree)
Think back to our house-- what if we are standing inside it, instead of going into it? In Latin, we express position/location with the ABLATIVE Case! For example:
- in villa (in the house)
- in agris (in the fields)
- sub arbore (under the tree)
- in urbe (in the city)
- in arbore (in the tree)
Go back to the house one more time-- we covered going INTO a house and being INSIDE the house, but what if we are going OUT OF that house? Any prepositional phrase showing motion out of/away from the house will be in the ABLATIVE Case! For example:
- ex arbore (out of the tree)
- ex agris (out of the fields)
- ex arbore (out of the tree)
Here's a screenshot from my YouTube video to visualize the house diagram:
Key Notes
- Prepositional Phrases show relative position/location and are comprised with a preposition and a noun
- In Latin, prepositional phrases use either Accusative or Ablative Case nouns
- Place in which is usually expressed by the ablative with the preposition "in"
- Place from which or away from which is usually expressed by the ablative with the preposition "-ā/ab"; place out of which by the ablative with the preposition "ex/ē"
- Accompaniment is usually expressed by the ablative with the preposition "cum"
Chapter 7 Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercise 1:
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Supply the correct case endings for each sentence. Then translate. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Iūlia fīlia Laecae in vill___ labōrat.
2. Laeca nāviculam in aqū___ videt. 3. Poēta cum fīli___ ex silv___ properat. 4. Ab õr___ servae properant. 5. Laeca et Iūlia ē vill___ saepe properant. 6. Poētae in silv___ et in aqu___ pictūrās vident. |
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Grammar Exercise 2: Write in Latin
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
Write the following English sentences in Latin. Check the Answer Key when you are done!
1. Tullia's maids are now preparing dinner in the villa.
2. At night Tullia walks out of the villa with her daughters and stands on the shore.
3. Laeca sees Tullia and the girls and hurries from the woods.
4. The poet lives in a white villa.
5. Laeca sees beautiful pictures in the woods and in the water.
6. The girls and Laeca look at the moon and the bright stars.
7. Cornelia and Secunda praise Laeca's boat.
8. Then Laeca goes sailing with the girls.
9. The poet tells the girls a story.
10. Finally the tired girls hurry out of the boat because Tullia is calling them again.
2. At night Tullia walks out of the villa with her daughters and stands on the shore.
3. Laeca sees Tullia and the girls and hurries from the woods.
4. The poet lives in a white villa.
5. Laeca sees beautiful pictures in the woods and in the water.
6. The girls and Laeca look at the moon and the bright stars.
7. Cornelia and Secunda praise Laeca's boat.
8. Then Laeca goes sailing with the girls.
9. The poet tells the girls a story.
10. Finally the tired girls hurry out of the boat because Tullia is calling them again.
Magistrula Practice
Click the link below to open a Magistrula practice set for this chapter. Just hit "BEGIN" and you're all set!
Chapter 7 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 7 Noun Ending Chart Practice
Chapter 7 Sentence Translation Practice
Chapter 7 Noun Ending Chart Practice